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PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. 277 theory."] J. H. Hyslop. ' Mr. Sumner's Review of the Piper Report.' (Reply to criticism.] Psychological Literature. New Books. Notes. PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW. Mon. Suppl. No. 16. C. Wisaler. ' The Correlation of Mental and Physical Tests.' [Description of tests: size of head, strength of hand, fatigue, perception of size, eyesight, colour vision, acuity of hearing, perception of pitch, of weight or force of move- ment, sensation areas, pain, colour preference, reaction time, rate of perception, naming colours, rate and accuracy of movement, rhythm and perception of time, association, imagery, memory. General results : the laboratory mental tests show little inter-correlation in the case of college students ; the physical tests show a general tendency to correlate among themselves, but only to a very slight degree with the mental tests ; the marks of students in college classes correlate well with themselves, but not with the tests made in the laboratory.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY. Vol. xiii., No. 2. A. J. Kinna- man. ' Mental Lite of Two Macacus Rhesus Monkeys in Captivity.' n. [Number tests : the numbers 1, 2, 3 are clearly discriminated ; 4, 5, 6 are seen as a somewhat definite mass ; beyond 6 we have no measured quantity, but only an indefinite mass or group. Maze tests confirm previous conclusions, but throw no new light on intelligence or processes of learning. Indications of associative memory. Smell is not acute, the preponderating sense being sight. Individual differences are appar- ently as great as they might be between two human individuals chosen at random. Imitation, general notions, reason : the paragraphs which report these tests are properly prefaced by logical analyses of the terms themselves. The monkeys showed mimicry (which lies below the imita- tion level) ; instinctive imitation, or automatic behaviour ; and, in two instances, imitation of the persistent and intelligent types. " Neither has imitated any of my acts. . . . The male has rarely done anything that could be regarded as an imitation of the actions of the female. The female, however, has imitated the male." The monkeys apparently had individual representations of percepts and generic images ; intermediate abstractions, with bodily positions or calls as their signs, may have been present ; such abstractions and higher concepts, requiring the use of language, are wholly wanting. Again, the monkeys showed evidence of implicit reasoning, immediate inference and adaptive intelligence ; the .author inclines, tentatively, to admit that they are capable of analogical reasoning ; rational thinking and formal reasoning are beyond them. Appendix : habits and characteristics of the Macacus Rhesus. Bibli- ography.] G-. M. Whipple. ' An Analytic Study of the Memory Image and the Process of Judgment in the Discrimination of Clangs and Tones.' II. [Experiments by the method of reaction or of continuous change, the essential feature of which is the use of a continuously sounding variable, moving up or down towards the standard at a uniform rate, until arrested by the observer at the point of subjective equality. Re- sults : some observers can classify and identify the standards in use by auditory-verbal, visual and other associative supplementing, and thus gain indirect aid in their reactions : the variable seems to move by stages, regular or irregular, which may be visualised ; the direction of movement may evoke distinct emotional preferences ; it is frequently misinterpreted, even in the procedure with knowledge : the method and basis of decision are individual matters, though certain types can be made out : there is a strong error of expectation, increasing generally as D increases : no observer can say definitely that a reaction is correct ; there is an area, rather than a point, of equality : knowledge of the position of a coming