Page:Mind (New Series) Volume 6.djvu/114

98 CRITICAL NOTICES : the appetite is appeased, nor after a good night's rest does the idea of bed suggest the desire of sleep. If we reflected on the uses of various food-stuffs when we suffered from the pangs of hunger it is probable that we should not disengage our ideas from the animal want. But we select such times for thought when we are not pressed by other desires ; and in propor- tion to the strength of the love of knowledge, we are able to exclude feelings which deflect the train of thought from its prescribed course. Three types have become distinct from our analysis correspond- ing to three stages in the development of thought. In the first thought is entirely dependent on desires and sentiments other than the love of knowledge. In the second this new sentiment is formed, but it exists alongside of others, and with some it blends, like the love of power or reputation. Its end suffers ; sometimes a compromise must be accepted, sometimes it must yield to a more imperious sentiment. In the third and ideal type the love of knowledge is predominant, and all other sentiments and impulses are subordinated to its end and systematised within its sentiment. But our second type does not correspond with the second of M. Paulhan, and it is not easy to get any clear conception of what this is. People of this type, he remarks, are distinguished from the first by their capacity for reflexion, and from the third because in them " theory is only the indispensable prelude to practice "- 1 Their " intellect is still under the direct control of desire ". 2 But this, as we have seen, is no ground of distinction, since the highest type is under the control of the desires of its sentiment. And if such people have a greater aptitude for reflexion, they still belong to the first type, if all their thought is a means and not an end. We can, then, only class them as a subordinate variety of this type, and M. Paulhan's third type will correspond with our second. He groups under it three sub-types. The first are "the in- tellectual people of intense sensibility (sensitifs passionnes) ". The second are those who live by sentiment and also by thought, but keep each distinct. The third are those who are purely intel- lectual, in whom thought predominates. 3 The examples he gives of the first sub-type are taken from musicians, artists, and literary men. Many of them possess intense emotional sensibility; but their emotions are subordinated to their artistic ideal. The artist is indeed a variety of this type, for he too loves truth and pursues it ; but he combines with this end the conscious pursuit of beauty. It is not sufficient for him, as for the scientist, that his thought be true, it must have that literary distinction, that high quality of beauty, which makes it a work of art. But this important type is not that which M. Paulhan constructs ; he is emphasising only the intensity of the emotions of many artists and of a few thinkers. 1 P. 72. - P. 62. 3 P. 78.