Page:Mind (New Series) Volume 8.djvu/292

VIII. PHILOSOPHICAL PEEIODICALS. PHILOSOPHICAL EEVIEW. Vol. vii., No. 6. J. Seth. 'Scottish Mora Philosophy.' [Inaugural lecture at Edinburgh. The three stages in Scottish ethics : Hutcheson, Hume, Keid. Hutcheson combats the egoism of Hobbes and Mandeville. Goodness is inherently beautiful ; the mark of virtue is disinterestedness ; its essence is positive benevo- lence. Hutcheson " is the founder, in Scotland at least, of Scottish intuitionism in ethics ". Hume combats the rationalism of Cudworth and Clarke. He tries to reduce all the deliverances of the moral sense to the single principle of sympathy ( Treatise), though he finally gives up the attempt to account for sympathy itself (Inquiry). He furnishes the classic statement of English utilitarianism ; his analysis of sympathy brought out Smith's theory of the moral sentiments ; his ethics, like his metaphysics, was answered by Kant. Eeid combats Hume, and estab- lishes the common-sense philosophy. " When it left Reid's hands, the intuitional theory of ethics was finally stereotyped."] E. P. Robins. 'Modern Theories of Judgment.' [The English philosophers have in- sisted that we know reality (Locke, Reid, Bradley) ; the German, that knowledge is a mental construction, but that there is a reality behind the appearance of the world (Kant, Lotze, Sigwart). Bosanquet gives the synthesis : " he maintains that knowledge is of reality . . . and vindi- cates the synthetic activity of thought," holding that knowledge is an intellectual construction. This is the right view. " Mind is an activity of judgment from the first, and in its earliest experience knows reality, and is never the spectator of passive states as such."] J. D. Logan. ' Psychology and the Argument from Design.' [The three phases of modern teleology. God made the world out of nothing ; made it out of crude matter, by an original act of design ; created it by an act of design, and thereafter continually sustains its finality. Criticism leads to the conclusion that "both objectively and subjectively [there is] no conscious design apart from previous immanent, unconscious design ; only novel situations and repeated experiences ".] H. M. Stanley. ' Space and Science.' [Space is " appearance produced by the individual dynamic repulsiveness by which the thing consists and exists. . . . Everything makes its own spaciousness by its own offensive and de- fensive force." " The mutually exclusive nature of dynamism gives the space effect." A phenomenon of the inner and finite life of the infinite, it may, " as a general mode of the activity of the whole, be termed in- finite ".] Discussions. J, M. Bald-win. ' Social Interpretations : a Reply.' J. Dewey. 'Rejoinder.' Reviews of Books. Summaries of Articles. Notices of New Books. PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW. Vol. v., No. 6. O-. T. W. Patrick. ' Some Peculiarities of the Secondary Personality.' [Experiments on simple automatisms are needed. Characteristic of the secondary personality are suggestibility, fluency, lack of reasoning power, heightened memory, power of constructive imagination, vulgarity or mild profanity, profes- sion of ' spirit ' identity and supernormal knowledge, and, occasionally,