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PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. 279 brilliant intuition. All these traits remind us of the primitive mind. Records of cases.] J. R. AngelL ' Studies from the Psychological Laboratory of the University of Chicago.' J. R. Angell, J. N. Spray, E. W. Mahood. An Investigation of Certain Factors Affecting the Re- lations of Dermal and Optical Space.' [(1) Skin lines (volar forearm) are underestimated as compared with horizontal visual lines. This under- estimation decreases within limits with increasing pressure. (2) It is diminished by the introduction of temperature, becoming overestirnation when the stimulus is distinctly hot or cold.] M. L. Ashley. ' Con- cerning the Significance of Intensity of Light in Visual Estimates of Depth.' [Monocular and binocular experiments, with simple and in- genious apparatus. Intensity "has been found of marked importance, even where accommodation, convergence, size of retinal image and dis- parateness of retinal images could enter to oppose it ".] F. B. Summer. 'A Statistical Study of Belief.' [Results of questionnaire of twenty-five topics, covering ' nearly every general class of subjects upon which the average person forms opinions '. Results : a graded arrangement of be- liefs is possible and real. Characteristic differences appear between the sexes, and between those who have and those who have not had psycho- logical training.] G-. M. Stratton. ' A Mirror Pseudoscope and the Limit of Visible Depth.' [Description of a simple and practical mirror pseudoscope. Limit of visible depth is at least as remote as 580 m. The inequality of retinal impressions is here 24" ; points have never been distinguished when separated by less than 30". The present result is due to the persistent efficiency of subliminal motives (visual images and orbital sensations).] Discussion and Reports. H. Muensterberg. 'The Psychology of the Will.' [Defence of Die Willenshandlung against Pfaender and A. Seth.] "Si. Thorndike. ' What is a Psychical Fact ? ' [Against the position of Muensterberg and Royce that the mental fact is individual and incommunicable, and therefore unmeasurable.] A. C. Armstrong. ' Consciousness and the Unconscious.' [Mental life is a thing of degrees in the scale of complication. Hence we should do well to speak of psychoses of the first, second, etc., power or potence.] E. E. Slosson. ' A Case of Retarded Paramnesia.' E. A. Kirkpatrick. ' Memory and Association.' [Comment on Miss Calkins' Wellesley study.] J. McK. CattelL 'The Psychological Laboratory.' [Critique of Titchener, French and Scripture.] Psychological Literature. New Books. Notes. Mon. Suppl., No. 7. W. Lay. ' Mental Imagery, Experimentally and Subjectively Considered.' [A somewhat rambling and unsystematic paper, whose chief value lies in a number of acute introspective records scattered through it. The author uses 'mental imagery' hi a sense which excludes active imagination, memory and after-image. He per- formed five sets of experiments. (1) Passages were read aloud to college classes, and by them reproduced ; visual imagery proved to be the chief us of reproduction, the auditory coming in 'to help' when the visual did not arise. (2) Questionnaire submitted to artists and sculptors ; no extraordinary visualising power found " some painters seem to have the imagery developed but little ". (8) Consonants were counted and classified in passages from Tennyson, Browning, Swinburne, etc. (4) Images aroused in the author's mind by the reading of Tennyson and Browning were counted and classified. (5) Introspective record, extend- ing over two years (2500 images): visual, 57'4 per cent.; auditory (in- cluding words), 28'76 per cent.; smell, 5'88 per cent.; taste, - 58 per cent. ; temperature, 2 per cent. ; touch, 3'84 per cent. ; organic, 1*1 per cent. ; motor (' internal touch '), 0'32 per cent. ; emotive, 0'12 per cent. ;