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424 PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. principles.] F. Paulhan. ' Contemporary Philosophy in France.' [(1) The philosophy of the special sciences : psychology, iesthetics, sociology. (2) The general philosophy of the sciences (Lalande. Durand de Gros, Piat). (3) The philosophy of philosophy : the schools of Bavaisson and Lachelier and of Reuouvier (Bergson, Fouillee, Tarde, Kibot, Paulhan;. (4) Current tendencies in the social mind to which French philosophy appeals.] Reviews of Books. Summaries of Articles. Notices of New Books. Notes. W. K. Brooks and M. P. Washburn. 'Naturalism and Freedom.' PSYCHOLOGICAL RKVIEW. Vol. vii., No. 1. H. Muensterberg. ' Psy- chological Atomism.' [Plea for a regress, behind the sensation-element of structural psychology, to psychological atoms. Hypothetical charac- terisation of these, as absolutely dissimilar each to all ; all co-ordinated ; varying through all degrees of "vividness ; interacting by association and inhibition, etc.] P. H. Verhoeff. ' Shadow Images on the Retina.' [Description of Le Cat's experiment, and summary of the various stages in its explanation. Account of an inversion of this, a ' white shadow ' experiment, with a small black spot replacing the pin-hole.] C. Wissler and W. W. Richardson. Diffusion of the Motor Impulse.' [There is a diffusion of the motor current in the arm, following out "an order corresponding to anatomical and functional relations in such a way as would occur in an irradiation of the current in the cells of the cortex or in the spinal cord ". The current also follows the lines of development, showing " constant leakage into the old channels ". M. F. Washburn. The Colour Changes of the White Light After-image, Central and Peripheral.' [(1) The dependence of the colour series on duration and intensity of stimulus. Method of overlapping images. (2) The colour changes of the peripheral white light image. Accurate observations : toe- detailed for summary.] J. Jastrow. ' The Psendoscope and Some of Its Recent Improvements.' [Wood's stereoscopic pseudoscope ; Stratton's and Ewald's mirror pseudoscopes ; Wheatstone's total reflexion pseudo- scope ; interchanging of stereoscopic half-pictures.] Discussion and Reports. H. N. Gardiner. ' Professor Stnmpf on Emotion.' significance of Stumpfs article lies in its recognition of the value of the ' sensualistic ' theories and. in the concessions made to them.] H, M. Stanley. 'The Genesis of General Ideas from Group Perception.' [Brief criticism of Wundt, James, Romanes. Correlative with presenta- tion and recognition (representation! of the individual are presentation of masses and recognition of component members. Out of the latter, the vague hypothetical general idea evolves as a shorthand method, in turn denoted by language.] S. I. Franz. ' On After-images : an Explanation.' [Reply to Washburn.] J. H. Hyslop. ' Newspaper Science.' [Denies the writer's intention scientifically to demonstrate the immortality of the soul.] Psychological Literature. New Books. Notes. Monograph Supplement. VoL iii., No. 1. B. B. Breese. 'On inhibi- tion.' [Various views of physiological and psychological inhibition. Ex- periments. (1) Inhibition of sensation by sensation. Binocular rivalry. Effects of effort to hold monocular field, elimination of eye-movement, counting lines of monocular fields, unilateral bodily contraction, coloured borders, intensity of stimulus, etc. (2) Inhibition of mental states by sup- pression of their motor elements. " The condition of consciousness is the transference of the action of the stimulus into or toward motor activity." Application to education.] No. 2. S. I. Franz. ' After-images.' [Study of visual after-images, in regard to limeu. latent period, duration, fluctua- tions, qualitative change, space-relations, retinal transfer. Relation to