io* s. ii. JULY so, 1904.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
91
the ancestors of the Lords Arundell of
Wardour and Arundel of Trerice. The
present Lord Arundell of Wardour is the
direct male and senior representative of
(the " Great Arundels ") the family of Albini,
Earls of Arundel and Sussex, and the great
St. Sauveur family, and of Richard Pincerna
of Conarton. The Dukes of Norfolk (present
Earls of Arundel), Rutland, and Somerset,
Earls of Arundel, Sussex, Northumberland,
Bridgewater, and Rutland, the Lords of
Daubeni, Belvoir, Mowbray (many of these
titles now merged in higher ones or extinct),
descend from the family of Albini, in some
cases only in the female line from the Earls
of Arundel, and in others from junior
branches of the Albini family ; nor do they
descend from Richard Pincerna of Conarton
unless they do so by marriage with the
Arundels of Lanherne and Wardour.
Sir John de Lauherne, the grandson and eventual representative of Richard Pincerna of Conarton, has been variously named Boteler (a translation of Pincerna), Pincerna, Fitz-John, and De la Hurne in pedigrees.
With reference to the early history of the Albini family, the hereditary Pincerna of the Earls of Mercia temp. Edward the Con- fessor was Osulf fil Frane, Lord of Belvoir, whose daughter Adeliza married William Albini (de Bosco Rohardi), son of Niel of St. Sauveur, Viscount of the Cotentin, <fcc. This William Albini became the Pincerna of William I., and his son, Hugh d'lvri, was Pincerna Regis temp. Domesday. Another son was William Albini, jun., Brito (de Nemore Rohardi, an ancestor of the Lords Arundell of Wardour), and still another son was Roger Albini (Calvus) d'lvri, Pincerna of William I. and Castellan of Roueri. One of the sons of this Roger Albini, Pincerna, was William Albini, of Dol, Lord of Corbu- chan, Pincerna Regis Henry I. This William founded the Priory of Wymondham, and was the father of Albini, first Earl of Arundel and Pincerna Regis (of Wymondham), the father of Richard Pincerna of Conarton. Hugh d'lvri, Pincerna Regis temp. Domes- day (named above), is supposed to have been the ancestor of the family of Courcel, and may have been the ancestor of Roger de Courcel and his alleged brother the Richard Pincerna first named in this reply, a grantee of Robert, the son of the Earl of Gloucester.
The Pincernas are constantly mentioned in the 'Early Genealogical History of the House of Arundel,' by John Pym Yeatman, and these notes are derived from the re- searches of Mr. Yeatman. They are founded
on all the available evidence at Wardour
Castle and elsewhere, and are acknowledged
to be subject to revision should other
evidence appear. RONALD DIXON.
46, Marlborough Avenue, Hull.
In the 'Register of S. Osmund,' ed. W. H. R. Jones, vol. ii. p. 357, is a deed by which Humphrey de Bphun confirms a gift, made by R. "de Cesaris-burgo " (i.e., Salis- bury), of land at Burton to the church of Mere. Among the witnesses to this docu- ment is one " Ricardus, pincerna."
This word pincerna, in all the passages where I have found it, is used as a descrip- tion rather than a name. It is post-classical Latin, and means a " cup-bearer" or " butler." It is derived from the Greek Trtyxepn/s (vide Ducange, 'Gloss. Grsec.'), and signifies "one who mixes drinks." The Latin form is used by the historian zElius Lampridius (ob. B.C. 300) in his life of Alexander Severus (41). In the Vulgate (Gen. xl. 1) it is applied to Pharaoh's chief butler; and Nehemiah (Vulg. 2 Esdr. i. 11) describes himself as "pincerna regis." In the same passages in the LXX. the word is rendered by dpxioivoxoos and oi'i/oxoos, g M "pourer-out of wine." The second of these is a classical word used by Homer, Euripides, and Plato. To take the matter a step further, in the Hebrew version of Genesis the word there used, "mashqeh," which is rendered " the butler," should be rather the " cup-bearer," and in form is related to the "saql " of the Orientals.
Possibly the Japanese word " sake," used for the wine of the country, may be of the same derivation (?). Rabshakeh (Isaiah xxxvi. 2), which is not a name, but a title, means in Hebrew "the chief of the cup-bearers," though the Jews in transliterating this word from the Assyrian lost sight of its meaning in that language. The Assyrian "rab-saqe" means "chief of the officers," a military rank next to the " Tartan " (2 Kings xviii. 17), and is a hybrid formation, being half Assyrian and half Accadian.
In the ' Register of S. Osmund ' " pincerna " occurs again twice. A certain Philip is so described, and in the case of one Walter the expression used is " tune pincerna ejusdem," at that time his [ftc. the Bishop of Sarum's] butler." In the ' Rotuli de Libertate,' &c., ed. T. Duffus Hardy, 1844, an Adam Pincerna is mentioned once, and the name of Daniel Pincerna is found four times. The latter was undoubtedly King John's butler, as is clear by the words used in one passage :
"Daniel Pincerne qui custodivit vina
domini Regis." The date is 1210. Further examples of its use are in ' Saruin Charters
