422
NOTES AND QUERIES. [10* s. n. NOV. 25, im.
of Henry Rudkin the elder. The answer o
Sarah Rudkin, filed on 15 April, 1761, ii
particularly valuable in supplementing some
of the statements in the bill. Henry Rudkin
the elder was married in 1712 to Elizabeth
eldest daughter of Thomas Bernard, of Old
town, co. Carlow, and in contemplation o
the marriage, articles of agreement by way
of settlement were entered into on 27 October
1712. The provisions of this settlement are
fully set out in the answer of Sarah Rudkin
and will also be found in the memorial regis
tered in the Registry of Deeds Office. Henry
Rudkin the elder died on 6 April, 1738, and
was survived by his wife Elizabeth Rudkin,
nee Bernard, who afterwards married Mr.
William Doyle, and died in 1755. At the
date of the death of Henry Rudkin the elder,
seven children of his marriage with Elizabeth
Bernard were living, and these included
Mary, then the wife of Mr. Gilbert Pickering,
afterwards Sir Gilbert Pickering, and Bernard
Rudkin, his eldest son.
Bernard Rudkin died 20 April, 1760, having duly made his will on 8 March, 1760, and a codicil dated 17 April, 1760, proved 10 May, 1760. His only son, Henry Rudkin the younger, was born in 1750, and on 19 August, 1773, he married his first cousin, Mary, daughter of Sir Gilbert Pickering, Bart.
On the death of Sir Gilbert he was suc- ceeded by his eldest son Sir Edward, the sixth baronet, who married Elizabeth Glas- cott, of New Ross, co. Wexford, on 26 July, 1770, but died without issue in April, 1803. Townshend Edward Pickering, the only brother of Sir Edward, would have succeeded to the baronetcy, if living. He had married in 1777 Martha, daughter of Kennedy Cavenagh, of New Ross, who died without issue in October, 1781 ; and he is believed to have gone afterwards to America, but what became of him has not been ascertained. His sister Mary, wife of Henry Rudkin the younger, by her will dated November, 1791, left him contingently a sum of 150Z. "if he can be found "; and if he could not be found, it was to go to her niece Gifford's children.
The baronetcy has remained dormant since the death of Sir Edward Pickering, the sixth baronet, owing, it is supposed, to the diffi- culty of tracing Townshend Edward Picker- ing, or proving that he died without male issue. EDMUND T. BEWLEY.
40, Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin.
ALGONQUIN ELEMENT IN ENGLISH.
IF we leave out of account the Mexican, practically all the numerous North American loan-words in English are of Algonquin
origin. Unfortunately the term Algonquin
is used in two senses, which has been a
source of much confusion in our dictionaries.
The early French settlers in Canada restricted
it to the dialect which we now call Odjibway,.
of which a very good idea may be formed
by reading the glossary to Longfellow's-
'Hiawatha.' For a more extended vocabu-
lary see the so-called 'Algonquin Dictionary,'
by J. A. Cuoq (Montreal, 1886), which is so-
frequently quoted by Prof. Skeat, both in
his 'Principles of English Etymology' and
' Notes on English Etymology,' apparently
without his suspecting that the language
with which it deals is Odjibway. In more
modern times Algonquin is conveniently
applied to the whole family of cognate
tongues, of which Cuoq's Algonquin was
only one member. By way of analogy, I
may cite the double meaning of Gaelic, which
sometimes refers only to the Irish, and
sometimes includes the Scottish and Manx.
Algonquin in the larger sense may be-
roughly mapped out into Southern, Eastern,
and Northern Algonquin. There are also
Western Algonquin dialects, but they have
not yielded any well - known English word.
The Southern are the Virginian dialects,
the Eastern are those of New England, and
the Northern include the Odjibway (Cuoq'&
Algonquin) and the Cree.
I propose to indicate a few of our borrow- ings from each . I do this because in existing dictionaries the mere statement that a word is Algonquin has generally been considered enough, the term being sometimes used in its- broadest, and sometimes in its narrowest sense, and little or no attempt made to ascer- tain to which group any word belongs by loting the time and place when it acquired' English citizenship. The Southern and Eastern Algonquin elements in English are- nearly contemporaneous. The Northern is of much later date, as we did not come into contact with it until after our acquisition of Janada. Hence, as I have pointed out before 9 th S. xii. 504), when the 'Century 3 and >ther dictionaries derive an old word like noose from Cree and Odjibway, it is as absurd as it would be to derive kitchen from French uisine.
To the Virginian or Southern Algonquin tratum in our language belong such well- cnown words as caucus, cockarouse, moccasin,, vanoke, tomahawk, and w eroivance ; the zoo- ogical names opossum and racoon ; and some )ptanical names, lockatance, maycock, per- immon, puckoon, tuckahoe.
The Eastern Algonquin in several cases- resents synonyms of the above. Thus.,
