56
NOTES AND QUERIES, cio* a. m. JA*. 21, iocs.
about thirty-five years ago. Cunningham
says, " The yard of the ' Cross Keys Inn ' in
Gracechurch Street was one of our early
theatres." EVERARD HOME GOLEM AN.
CROSS IN THE GREEK CHURCH (10 th S. ii. 469, 531). MR. MARCHANT may be right when he says that the inclination of the lower bar, upon which the feet are made to rest in Russian crosses, " points the mind upward and raises the hopes of the believer towards the Resurrection," for Russian ecclesiastical art is permeated with mysticism; but I always thought myself, since I began to take an interest in these things, that the bar was placed aslant in order to remind the spectator of the earthquake that took place at the Crucifixion, or of the tradition, preserved in the East, that our Lord was lame. If W. W. P. wishes to study Russian crosses, he should go to the Alexander Museum at Petersburg, where he will find hundreds of them. They are, as a rule, curious and interesting, but astonishingly poor in detail. At the top there is often a face with the inscription under- neath in Slavonic, "The image that was not made with hands," an allusion to St. Veronica ; below this is a cross, the figure that is stretched upon it being emaciated, and with feet and hands entirely out of proportion to the rest of the body. The Blessed Virgin, Mary Magdalene, St. John the Evangelist, and Longinus are also represented, and every- thing is explained by lettering thus, for instance, G. G. stands for the hill of Golgotha, and so on. Texts from the Bible or from the Russian Service-Book are also very common. T. P. ARMSTRONG.
LONDON CEMETERIES IN 1860 (10 th S. ii. 169, 296, 393, 496, 535). The old gravestones seen by MR. JOHN T. PAGE (8 th S. ii. 393) probably belonged to the Stepney Meeting - House Burial - ground, which was also called the Almshouse Ground or the Ratcliff Workhouse Ground. This was situated at the north-east corner of White Horse Street, near the junc- tion with Salmon's Lane, and opposite the Brewers' Almshouses. According to Mrs. Basil Holmes ('London Burial-grounds, pp. 179, 300), it was connected with the Inde- pendent Chapel at Stepney, and was first used in 1781. There are still many tomb- stones in it, and the ground is fairly tidy. The gate is generally open, as the entrance to the almshouses is through it. Size, half an acre. A view of the ground from the alms houses is given at p. 178 of Mrs. Holmes'; book.
White Horse Street, running in a north- easterly direction, is distinct from White
lorse Lane, which ran from west to east, and
s now included in the line of the Commercial
cload. There was also another White Horse
Lane, which connected Stepney Green with
Vlile End Green, and will be seen marked in
lorwood's map. W. F. PRIDEAUX.
[White Horse Lane now connects Stepney Green and Mile End Road.]
" THE CROWN AND THREE SUGAR LOAVES " (10 th S. i. 167, 214, 297, 373). As the great- granddaughter of Abram Newman, I have iccess to the deeds relating to Fenchurch Street ; but the old house was rebuilt. I traced the ownership of Newman & Dayison's- warehouse, and sent it to Sir W. Rawlinson ;, but he never even acknowledged it.
(Mrs.) HAUTENVILLE COPE.
13c, Hyde Park Mansions, W.
HOLBORN (10 th S. ii. 308, 392, 457, 493). With regard to the suggestion that hoi or hull signifies water, I recollect reading (I think it was in Seaham's ' History of Hull '} a note as to this. The author's view was that the word Hull did imply a connexion with water, and compared it with pool, as in Liverpool. Perhaps the same idea may be traced in Ulleskelf (Yorkshire) and Ulles- water, on the borders of Westmoreland. Compare also Ullesthqrpe and Ullapool.
In this connexion it may be worth while to recall that the name of the land upon which Gray's Inn now stands was Portpool, a name still preserved in Portpool Lane, which runs down from Gray's Inn Road to Leather Lane. If there ever was a stream of water running alongside Holborn, such stream, whether natural or artificial^ must have had its rise on the high ground somewhere near Portpool, perhaps at St. Chad's Well in the Gray's Inn Road, close to Gray's Inn. May we not then here again trace a connexion between hoi, pool, and ivater ?
In The Antiquary for this month, at p. 19, is an article on ' Some London Street-names, by the Rev. W. J. Loftie. In it he says :
"Two parallel roadways which lead westward from the city are called by different names, yet from the- same river. A bourne breaks out from the clay hill on which Regent's Park stands, and burrows its winding course south-eastward, cutting for itself a passage until it reaches a tidal inlet from the Thames. The upper course of the brook is naturally described as the Hole bourne. The tidal estuary into which it resolves itself is the Fleet. There are many other burrowing brooks in. England, and many other fleets. All have the same characteristics, and are called Holing Bourne, Holing Beck, Holing Beach, and Holing Brook, often corrupted into Hollingbourne, Beck, Beach, or Brook, with various other modifications ; and the local antiquaries generally, as in the Kentish ex-
