12 S. X. FEB. 25, 1922.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 151
extra-illustrated copies of this work were offered for sale in 1856. I shall be glad if information can be given as to their present location. Roland Austin.
The Cap of Maintenance.—Can any reader tell me the origin of this symbol, which is used in all royal ceremonies? Authorities appear to differ. The general impression
seems to be that the real object of the cap is lost in the mists of antiquity. William Bull.
Hammersmith.
["The sense of maintenance," says the 'N.E.D.' on this subject, "here is obscure." In the first quotation, c. 1485, the expression is hat of maintenance. The cap of maintenance is mentioned as having been sent by the Pope to Henry VII. and Henry VIII.; and in 1551, along with the crown or diadem as one of the insignia of a prince. The question of its origin has been discussed in our columns at 9 S. vii. 192—8 S. v. 268, 415—4 S. ii. 560; viii. 399, 520—1 S. vi. 324. Nothing was elicited as to its origin, though many particulars as to its use were supplied.]
JOHN FILMER EMMETT graduated B.A. at
Cambridge University from Trinity College
in 1827. I should be glad to obtain parti-
culars of his parentage and career. He was
born Oct. 31, 1805. When and where did he
die ? G. F. R. B.
LAZENKI PALACE, WARSAW : LATIN IN-
SCRIPTIONS. I should feel much obliged for
information on the following points. Over
the entrance door of the Lazenki Palace,
Warsaw, there is (or was before the Great
War) an inscription running thus :
ODIT
TRISTITIAS
HAEC ' DOMUS
AM AT . FUNDIT ' COMMEND AT ET O TAT
PACKM ' BALNEA RURA PROBOS
A little lower to right and left of the
portal are medallions, two in number, one
symbolizing the Genius habitantis, the other
the Genius loci. That of the habitans has
inscribed within : FRONS SERENA vox
SINCERA. That of the locus : MENTI * QUIES (and
two more words I cannot remember). The
notes I had made on the spot of these in-
scriptions and of the symbolic medallions have
been mislaid. I have tried in vain for refer-
ences in usual works. The first inscription
is a quaint concetto when read in proper
collocation. Are there many similar ones
to be found ? I have forgotten the exact
symbolic figures in the medallions.
The Lazenki was the summer palace of
the last King of Poland, Stanislas Augustus.
Obviously optat.
The monogram SA stands out among the
above inscriptions, which reflect un naturel
charmant. VALENTINE J. O'HARA.
Authors' Club, London.
' THE TALE OF Two CITIES ' : THE
DRUGGING OF DARN AY. How was Charles
Darnay drugged ? Has the exact nature
of this drug been ascertained ? According
to chap. xiii. of the novel, Darnay noticed
that a curious vapour was present in
the cell just before Sydney Carton ren-
dered him unconscious. This seems to
suggest chloroform (discovered in 1831).
In chap. xi. it is stated to be a mixture
and probably also a poison. Perhaps the
lack of details is due to the fact that Dickens
was guilty of a daring anachronism. What
was the date of the article in The British
Medical Journal on * The Medical Accuracy
of Dickens ' ? J. ARDAGH.
CHALK IN KENT AND ITS OWNERS :
RYE, CORNHILL, VILERS, ST. CLAIR. In
the Cartulary of the Monastery of St. John
the Baptist at Colchester (Roxburgh Club,
London : 1897), there are the following
references :
Page Date
43 1120c. Roger de Vilers gave half a hide
in Chich, Hamo his brother two
parts tenths of Walchra and all
the mill.
156 IHOc. Hamon de St. Clair grants the mill
of Walchra to St. Mary Walchra
in perpetual alms.
42 1198. Charter of King Richard refers to
gifts of Roger de Vilers and
Hamon his brother, Hamon de
St. Clair, Wm. de St. Clair,
Eudes le Seneschal (Eudo Dapi-
fer), &c.
120 (1226-35). Henry, bishop of Rochester,
narrates inspection of -confirma-
tion by Pope Alexander to the
above monastery of certain gifts
including that from Hamon de
St. Clair of all tenths in the
village of Chalcra.
In another work (' Sinclairs of England,'
pp. 216/7) the following charters are said
to be in the Harleian collection at the
British Museum :
1145c. Charter of Hubert de St. Clair to the
church of the Holy Trinity of Norwich,
about the church of Chalke, and land
and an annual return in the same
manor.
1180e. Charter of William de Lanvaley con-
firming the donation of Hubert de
St. Clair, his grandfather, as above ;
" particularly various matters between
the prior of Bermondsey and the prior
