154
NOTES AND QUERIES. [9 th s. ix. FEB. 22, 1902.
Pearls, for the Earl, being a degree higher Man a
Viscount and lower than a Marquess, hath the
Crown composed of both theirs."
In former times the commander of the armj was called a Duke, the word meaning leader, as long as he held the office, and when he kept the districts he conquered he often re- tained the title. The oak leaf was considered a symbol of victory, and the probability is that this leaf was originally intended to be represented by the leaves on the coronets.
As A. N. wishes to know why this leaf is used, I will give the only reason I can find, which is in the article on heraldry in the ' Encyclopedia Londinensis,' the name of the writer being unknown. He says :
" The decoration by the strawberry-leaves is very ancient, and we do not doubt but the honour of adorning the brows of majesty was reserved to this humble plant in order to remind sovereigns that though elevated to so high a station in society, they never ought to forget that they are but men, and but a single leaf in the great scale of nature and in the dispensation of Divine Providence."
JOHN RADCLIFFE.
KNOCKER FAMILY (9 th S. ix. 8). This name exists in other counties than Kent, for the two sons of the late Mr. Dibb, of Hull, are Col. Arthur Knocker Dibb and Mr. Oscar Knocker Dibb. No doubt their use of the name is derived from a near relative who bore it as a surname. RONALD DIXON.
46, Marlborough Avenue, Hull.
SURNAMES DERIVED FROM FRENCH TOWNS (9 th S. viii. 464; ix. 16). As your querist seems to be interested in these, when next he is in Normandy he should take an oppor- tunity of examining the list of " Compagnons de Guillaume t a la conquete de 1'Angleterre en MLXVL," which he will find graven over the main doorway (inside) of the old church at Dives. He can there feast his eyes on famous Anglo-Norman names galore Du rand, Gif- fard, Talbot, Malet. de Venables, Tirel, de Colleville, Archer, Gibard, Gilbert, de Malle- ville, Basset, Lovvet, de Perci, de Manneville, de Vernon, de Laci, de Maci, de Chandos, Corbet, de Harcourt, de Mortemer, de Glan- ville^Maltravers, de Tilly, Bertran, &c. that is to say, unless he choose the more com- fortable and fashionable occupation of loun-- ing in the gateway of the old "Hostellerie de Guillaume le Conquerant " in the Rue d Hastings.
The monument in the church was erected by the Societe Franaise d'Archeologie in August, 1862, just about a year after Arcisse deCaumont set up his celebrated "Colonne Commemorative" on the hill overlooking the mouth of the D - s, whence the Bastard
started on his eventful voyage. This column,
by the way, is now getting as hard to reach
as the Bayeux Tapestry is on cattle-market
day.
But, after all, your querist will probably prefer to consult the various printed lists of the names he wants. HY. HARRISON.
In 1874 Henry S. King & Co., of London, published an anonymous volume entitled 'The Norman People,' the larger portion of which is devoted to an " Alphabetical Series of Norman Names and Families from the 'London Post Office Directory.'" I think this book will amply answer the above query, as its author states that one-third or more of the English population is of Norman origin, and substantiates his statements by testimony from the 'Rotuli Hundredorum,' 'Testa de Neville,' 'Proceedings of the Curia Regis,' ' Pipe Rolls, temp. Henry I. and II.,' ' Rotuli de Libertate of King John,' and other works of authority.
It seems to me a pity that such a work should be anonymous, for the learning and labour requisite to its production would lend dignity to a name already honoured.
N. W. J. HAYDON.
Boston, U.S.
MINIATURE OF COL. GEO. FLEET WOOD (9 th S. ix. 48). Has not R. W. B. confused the two George Fleetwoods 1 As I make it out, the regicide George, who died in America, was the brother of the well-known Charles Fleetwood, Cromwell's son-in-law. Sir George Fleetwood, his cousin, knighted in 1632, was the Swedish baron, and died in Sweden in 1667 (see Noble's 'Lives of the Regicides'). So much interest, and at the same time obscurity, attaches to the later generations of the Fleetwood descent that any little item of addition is most welcome. Possibly R. W. B. may be able to note something further from the wills he has examined.
W. D. PINK.
EARLIEST PRINTED INSTRUCTIONS TO SUN- DAY-SCHOOL TEACHERS (9 th S. ix. 69). I have a great collection of Sunday-school material. [fc has been freely consulted by Mr. Leslie Stephen and other biographers of Raikes. [t is my impression that the broadsheet in the possession of W. I. R. V. was compiled or written by the brother of Robert Raikes, who eally took a more active part in the manage- ment of Sunday schools than his brother,
- he reputed founder of the institution. The
- lev. Richard Raikes was a most exemplary,
oious, and energetic clergyman, and he wrote hings for the guidance and promotion of
