destitute and unfortunate souls in the lower regions, such as those of lepers and beggars. Lanterns are lighted to show them the way, a feast is spread for them, and with characteristic fancy, some victuals are left over for any blind or feeble spirits who may be late, and a pail of gruel is provided for headless souls, with spoons for them to put it down their throats with. Such proceedings culminate in the so-called Universal Rescue, now and then celebrated, when a little house is built for the expected visitors, with separate accommodation and bath-rooms for male and female ghosts.[1] The ancient Egyptian would set out his provision of cakes and trussed ducks on reed scaffolds in the tomb, or would even keep the mummy in the house to be present as a guest at the feast, (
Greek characters), as Lucian says.[2] The Hindu, as of old, offers to the dead the funeral cakes, places before the door the earthen vessels of water for him to bathe in, of milk for him to drink, and celebrates at new and full moon the solemn presentation of rice-cakes made with ghee, with its attendant ceremonies so important for the soul's release from its twelvemonth's sojourn with Yama in Hades, and its transition to the Heaven of the Pitaras, the Fathers.[3] In the classic world such rites were represented by funeral feasts and oblations of food.[4]
In Christian times there manifests itself that interesting kind of survival which, keeping up the old ceremony in form, has adapted its motive to new thoughts and feelings. The classic funeral oblations became Christian, the silicernium was succeeded by the feast held at the martyr's tomb. Faustus inveighs against the Christians for carrying on the ancient rites: 'Their sacrifices indeed ye have turned into love-feasts, their idols into martyrs whom with like vows ye
- ↑ Doolittle, 'Chinese,' vol. i. p. 173, &c.; vol. ii. p. 91, &c.; Meiners, vol. i. p. 306.
- ↑ Wilkinson, 'Ancient Eg.' vol. ii. p. 362; Lucian. De Luctu, 21.
- ↑ Manu, iii.; Colebrooke, 'Essays,' vol. i. p. 161, &c.; Pictet, 'Origines Indo-Europ.' part ii. p. 600; Ward, 'Hindoos,' vol. ii. p. 332.
- ↑ Pauly, 'Real-Encyclop.' s.v. 'funus'; Smith's 'Dic.' s.v. 'funus.' See Meiners, vol. i. pp. 305-19.
