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1 68 Readings in European History Charles the Fat makes a shameful treaty with the North- men. [The siege had lasted eight months when the emperor came to relieve the city.] It was in the autumn that he appeared before Paris with a very strong army. . . . But he did not force them to raise the siege. He made terms with them and signed a shameful treaty. He promised to pay a ransom for the city, and gave them leave to march unopposed into Burgundy, to plunder it during the winter. A. Refer- ences. B. Addi- tional read- ing in English. BIBLIOGRAPHY General Summary of Events and Conditions : ADAMS, Civilization, pp. 170179; HENDERSON, Short History of Germany, Vol. I, pp. 38-48. Louis the Pious : BEMONT and MONOD, pp. 211-215; EMERTON, Mediceval Europe, pp. 3-24 ; HENDERSON, Germany in the Middle Ages, Chapter VI, pp. 82-99; OMAN, Chapter XXIII, pp. 383-404. The Division of the Empire in 817 : HENDERSON, Historical Docu- ments, pp. 201-206. The Process of Disruption: BEMONT and MONOD, pp. 215-240; EMERTON, pp. 24-40; HENDERSON, Germany in the Middle Ages, Chapter VII, pp. 100-116; OMAN, Chapters XXIV-XXV, pp. 405-445. The Strasburg Oath: EMERTON, pp. 26-28; MUNRO, p. 20. The Treaty of Aix : HENDERSON, Historical Documents, pp. 206, 207. Arnulf of Carinthia: EMERTON, pp. 90-94; OMAN, Chapter XXVII, pp. 468-472. The Norman Invasions: MUNRO, Chapter IV, pp. 33-39; GIBBON, Vol. VI, part of Chapter LVI, pp. 173-193. KEARY, The Vikings in Western Christendom. The most complete account of the Norman raids during the period of the later Carolingians. JOHNSON, The Normans. A good general narrative covering the history of all Norman settlements in southern Europe. There are no books in English dealing especially with the fortunes of the Empire during these years. The reader must turn to chapters in the large works : GREGOROVIUS, Rome in the Middle Ages, Vol. Ill, Book V, Chapters II-VI ; KITCHIN, History of France, Vol. I, Book II, Part II, Chapters IV-V; MILMAN, Latin Christianity, Vols. II and III, Book V, Chapters II-VI I and IX. POOLE, Illustrations of Mediceval Thought, Chapters I and II, furnish an admirable account of certain especially enlightened thinkers and reformers of the ninth century.