15. Provide for organizing the militia, &c. 15. To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by congress;
16. Exercise exclusive jurisdiction over a district, and places for forts, &c. 16. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful buildings;—and,
17. Make all laws necessary to execution of their powers. 17. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.
Section IX.
Importation of certain persons not to be prohibited until after 1808. [See article 5.] 1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.
Habeas corpus. 2. The privilege of the write of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.
No bill of attainder or ex post facto law. 3. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.
Direct taxes according to census. 4. No capitation, or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.
No export duty, nor preference of one state to another in commerce. 5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one state over those of another: nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one state, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.
Public moneys, how drawn, &c. 6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.
No titles of nobility. No presents, &c. 7. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States: and no person holding any holding any office of profit or trust under them,
