Page:Sanskrit syntax (IA cu31924023201183).pdf/43

§ 38. 27 Of the six others the general purport) may be sketched thus: 1. The accusative or second case faſta) de- notes a.) the whither, b.) the object of transitives, c.) an extension in time or space, d.) it is used adverbially. 2. The instrumental or third case तृतीया them, nl. gender and number; the size or measure of the thing denoted by the prâtipadika is made as little known by declension, as its color or its age. Moreover gender and number are grammatical conceptions, measure, size, weight geometrical ones. It is time to discharge PâņINI of the absurdity imputed to him by his interpreters, and to show he is here as plain and judicious as that great grammarian is wont to be. The commentators were misled by a, which they did accept as ex- pressing the grammatical number", as, indeed, it very often does. Yet here it must be the bháva of in its original meaning the naming or the being named, cp. P.1, 4, 89 श्राडूमर्यादावचने (==dn, when noming a boundary), 2, 1, 33rd fucian ( with krtyás, when denoting exag- geration), 5, 3, 23 , etc. Therefore it is not, which here is carrying the meaning of grammatical number, but af; for this word may as well be employed in the narrower sense of size; periphery, as in the larger of any measure whatever," and accordingly it is also occasionally a synonym of er, (cp. P. 5, 2, 41 and the passages adduced in the Petrop. Dict. IV, p. 540). For these reasons the sútra, which occupies us, is to be analysed in this way minutaché à fazafjand ( = ये लिङ्गसंख्ये or ये लिङ्गवचने, for संख्या sad वचन are both_expressive of the grammatical number) तयोर्वचनमात्रे प्रथमा. 15 >> 1) Panini has short and well-chosen terms to point out their different provinces. The category of the accusative be names karma, that of the instrumental kartr »agent" and karana instrument," that of the dative sampradâna, that of the ablative apâdâna, that of the locative adhika- rana. The duties of the genitive have not found an adequate expression. With respect to the nominative it must be observed, that Panini's definition (see the preceding note) does ascribe a larger sphere of em- ployment to that case than we do iu styling it the case of the subject and predicate. In this the Indian grammarian is right. Nouns quoted or proffered outside the context of sentences are always put in the nomi- native.