Was the expression of their desire to remain in the Indian Territory genuine, or the result of fraud? Was their land a malarious swamp in which they must all perish? Did they think the land was worse or better than their land in Dakota? Were they well cared for in the way of houses? Had they been bribed by promises or were they induced by pecuniary considerations to resolve to stay in the Indian Territory? Had the chiefs spoken for themselves alone, or had they represented their people? This the Indians themselves have answered. These are the salient features of the testimony reported by the Commissioners:
FIRST COUNCIL
The agreement signed in Washington was read:
General Crook.—Now if this expresses the wishes of all who are here, they are to say so, and if not, they are to say not.
Answer for all.—We all hear and understand it. (The chiefs and all others of the Poncas at this point consulted.)
General Crook.—Those who agree to it are to hold up their hands—men, women and children.
(A general showing of hands.)
General Crook.—If there are any who don't agree to it, let them hold up their hands.
(No reply.)
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Mr. Allen.—Ask him if he thinks this land is better than his old land.
White Eagle.—I think this land is a better land; that it is improving. Whatever we plant will come up.
Mr. Allen.—If the Great Father wanted to send you back there and give you all you had before, would you want to go or stay?
White Eagle.—If the Great Father should make that for me, I should think he'd have me wandering around; and for
