5 8o
UNITED STATES.
The territories of Nevada, Nebraska, and Colorado were admitted as States into the Union, the first in 186-4, the second in 1866, and the third in 1869 ; while there were added, subsequently, four new territories, namely Arizona, organised 1861, Idaho, 1863, Montana, 1864, and Wyoming, 1868. The Union thus consisted, in 1870, of 37 States and 9 Territories, besides the district of Columbia.
The total population of the principal towns of the United States, in each of the years 1860 and 1870, is shown in the following list : —
In the States of
Population
Cities and Towns
1860
1870
New York
New York
805,651
926,341
Philadelphia .
Pennsylvania
562,529
0.17,159
Brooklyn
New York
266,661
396,661
Baltimore
Maryland
212,418
276,599
Boston .
Massachusetts
177,812
250,701
New Orleans
Louisiana
168,675
219,125
Cincinnati
Ohio .
161,044
218,900
St. Louis
Missouri
160,773
313,013
Chicago
Illinois .
109,260
348,709
Washington .
Districtof Columbia
61,122
109,338
San Francisco
California
56,802
150,361
Pittsburg
Pennsylvania
49,217
87,215
The United States acquired their actual power and greatness mainly through immigration. From 1775 to 1815 immigration into the country was very small, on account of the American Revolution and the European wars, not over 3,000 or 4,000 a year arriving durin"- this period. When peace between England and America was re-established, in 1815, immigration took a fresh start, The famine of 1816 and 1817 gave the first powerful impulse to a larger immigration lrom Germany. In 1827, there were 11,952 immigrants from the United Kingdom against 7,709 the previous year, and in 1828 the number rose to 17.840, sinking again in 1829 to 10,594, and in 1830 to 3,874. The increase continued every year of European disorder, or revolution, or national distress. In the decade from 1845 to 1854, there came 1,512,100 Irish immigrants to the United States, but since the latter year the numbers fell off to less than one half the yearly average of that period. The failure of their political reform attempts brought many Germans into the United States, the greatest number coining in 1854. From L845 to 1854 inclusive the number of German immigrants was 1,226,392. In lb56 every immigrant arriving in New York was questioned as to
