1342
TURKEY
methods are antiquated. The coast of the Mediterranean produces excellent sponges, the Red Sea mother-of-pearl, and the Persian Gulf pearls.
Manufactures. — Industries in Turkey are mostly quite primitive. There is a tendency to start factories on a small scale, but the supply of labour seems likely to prove a difficulty. At Panderma there is a woollen yarn spinning mill belonging to the Oriental Carpet Manufacturers' Company, which pro- duces 2,750,000 lbs. annually, and employs 140 hands. Cotton spinning is carried on in the vilayets of Aidin and Adana, and in the capital. There are five main establishments, two in Constantinople, two in Smyrna, and one in Magnesia, and four factories of lesser importance in Adana. The latter have a total of 10,000 spindles, the former 40,800 spindles, making 50,800 spindles for the cotton manufacturing industry of the country.
Commerce.
The total trade of Turkey in various years ending March 13 has been as follows (£T1 of 100 piastres = 18 shillings, or £T10 = 91., or 10/. = £T11):—
Years
Imports
Exports
II
Years
I uiports
Exports
1909-10 1910-11 1911-12
£T 31.432,231 42,555,9h0 1 45,009,130
18,439,071 22,079,710 24,719,130
1912-13 1913-14 1916-17'
£T
43,551,035 40,809,6SO 22, 100,304
£T 23,921,320 21,436,120 34,058,581
i September, 1916, to February, 1917.
Turkish trade for 2 years was distributed among the principal countries as follows : —
Imports
Exports
Country
1913-14
1916-17 (second half)
iom iA 1016-17 1 " 13-14 (second half)
United Kingdom Austria-Hungary France . Germany Russia . Bulgaria Rumania Greece . Italy
Netherlands Egypt . United States
£T
8,128,690 6,146,720 '1,860 4,688,740 8,816,690
270,100 1,987,
137,180 2,699,000
022, S 10 1,481,210 1.080,490
40.809.6S0
£T
13,876
9,651,923
2,654
6,138,847
77,656
851,597
429,612
1,187
741
104,623
891
£T
4,660,460
2.2:11,150
4,289,480
1,227,160
881,040
261,000
626,850
243,880
927,260
388,660
1,948,320
1,878,660
£T
7,548,683 24,787,966
1,069,949
7,966
z
672
Total of all cc
untr
es .
22,10:>,304
21,436 120 j 34,058,581
The principal imports from Asiatic Turkey into the United Kingdom and exports to Asiatic Turkey from the United Kingdom (according to Board of Trade Returns) in two years were : —
