POPULATION, RELIGION, EDUCATION — JUSTICE 187
by France and Germany, and it was declared a British Protectorate in accordance with conventions by which Great Britain waived all claims to Madagascar in Favour of France and ceded Heligoland to Germany. In the same year the mainland possessions which extended over the coast of East Africa, Warsheikh in 3" N. latitude to Tunghi Bay 10° 42* S. latitude, were ceded to Italy, Great Britain, and Germany, respectively, Great Britain and Italy paying rent for the territories under their protection, while Germany acquired the by the paymnnt of a sum of 200,00".'. At ;i
later date Italy al>o acquired similar rights by payment of a sum of 144.000J. In 1891, a eat was formed for Zanzibar with a British
representative as fir>t minister. In 1906 the Imperial Government assumed more direct control over the Protectorate and re-organised the Government. Ou April 20, 1914, the co; Protectorate was transferred from the
Foreign Office to the Colonial Office. In July, 1920, the Sultan's coast dominions were nnmed ' Kenya Protectorate.'
Population, Religion, Education. &c— The population of Zanzibar
and Pemba. according to the Census of 1910, was 196,733. Zanzibar, 113,624 ; Pemba, 53,109. The registered birth rate in 1919 was 185 per 1,000. The Arabs, about 10,000, are the principal landlords and employers of labour. The black population is mostly Swahili, but there are re- presentatives of nearly every African tribe. There are nearly 200 Europeans most of whom are English ; about 10,000 British Indian subjects, through whose hands almost the whole trade of East Africa passes. Zanzibar towu has a population of 35,000.
Most of the natives are Mohammedans (Sunnis of the Shafi school), the Sultan and relatives are of the Ibadhi sect. There are 3 Christian Missions : The Universities Mission to Central A? h of England), the Catholic
Mission (Roman Catholic), and the Friends' Industrial Mission.
There are Government schools mainly for Moslems, with a course of in- struction extending over seven years. Education is voluntary and free. There are a number of mission schools, Indian schools supported by different communities for the children of their sects, private schools and a non- sectarian school. The total number of children attending these schools in 1919 was 1,920.
There are two Government hospitals, one for Europeans and one foi Government subordinate employees and poor natives, in Zanzibar, and one in Pemba.
Justice. — For the administration of justice in Zanzibar, one Court, his Britannic Majesty's, consisting of a Judge and one or more Assistant Judges, deals with all actions to which a British, or British protected, person or the subject of a foreign Power is a party, and others, the Sultan's Local Courts, deal with cases in which the subjects of the Sultan are alone concerned. The total number of cdbvictions in 1919 was 1,682 (1,518 in 1918).
Appeal lie* to H.M.'s Court of Appeal for Eastern Africa, many of the cases tried being cases affecting British Indians, in whose hands is a large proportion of the trade of Zanzibar. The British Court has also certain Admiralty jurisdiction by virtue of the Zanzibar Order in Council, 1014.
The Sultan's Courts, tinder the peneral superintendence of H.M. Judge, administer justice in the town of Zanzibar -::ates assisted by Arab Kathis.
In Pemba. ami the coun: . criminal or civil cases are tried by a Magistrate
or a District Commissioner, or .\ vict Commissioner. The final" appeal, in all
cases, lies to the Britis li. . „ as sultan's J .idge.
