COMMERCE
295
Manufacture*. — The following table shows the number of establishments, the capital, the number of employees, and the amount of their salaries and wagee, the cost of materials, and the value of products in 1917, in various groups of industries. The totals for 1918 are also added.
Num- ber of
Employees.
Group of
Cost of
Value of
Industries.
Estab- lish- ments
Capital.
Number.
Salaries and
materials. Dollars.
product*.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars. 754,637,940
Food products
$,009
299,032,5S9
58,746
46.125.1S8
564,959,467
Textiles ....
4,112
203,308,5S7
86,875
53,930,314
141,953,358
43,565
Iron and steel
products . . .
1,049
307,407,980
77,159
78,737,983
204,732,121
400,3S5,086
Timber, lumber,
4,463
2S9,169,396
98,962
68,447,156
87,159,851
225,522,189
Leather and pro-
ducts ....
1,249
76,315,861
21,167
.4,311
61,S03,94S
104,804,689
Taper and printing
1,819
224,176,986
47,746
39,898,894
51,219,102
148,396,426
Liquors and beve-
•s ....
482
48,178,985
5,895
4,864,231
12,859,171
20,985,226
Chemicals and
allied products
3SS
117,903,392
17,884 16,258,389
•5,575,226
1 83,61 S,658
Clay, glass, and
stone products
913
79,420,372
12,077 10,S05,2S4
5,408,152
82.374,060
Metals and pro-
ducts not other-
wise specified .
2.311
123,459,129
29,687
-50,967
90,790,104
171,650,905
Tobacco & mannf.
176
27,277,858
10,236
5,991,835
19,092,845
46,786,288
Vehicles ....
970
219,766,079
53,554
49,623,904
102,258,684
197,488.776
Vessels ....
201
42,966.932
13,161 13
13,385,^78
37,244,67S
Hand trades . .
5,976
47.»S0,234
3-1,190 27,868,105
29.731,838
80.'
Other
34.392
680,385,347
155,301,195
386,420,242
Totals, 1917
■49,727
1, 05.730,640
3,015,577,940
Totals, IBIS
35,745
2,891,782,291
■71,003
1,732,969,101 3,1*2,440,759
Note — This table includes all establishments, irrespective of the number of perions
employed.
The water power resources of Canada have been estimated at 20 million hone power. The plants existing in 1919 utilised about 2,400,000 horse power (Ontario, over a million, Quebec, 900,000, British Columbia, 300,000).
Commerce.
The customs tariff of Canada is protective, but there is a preferential tariff in favour of the United Kingdom and most of the colonies ; the duties on direct imports from the United Kingdom and the colonies, kc, being reduced, but alcoholic liquors, liquid medicines, tobacco, and refined sugar from raw sugar produced elsewhere than in British colonies, are excluded from the reduction.
The returns of values of imports and exports are those supplied in entries at the Customs, where imports must be entered for duty at their fair market value as for home consumption in the country of purchase. Quantities are ascertained from invoices and by examination, wines are gauged and spirits tested. The country whence imports are received is the country of purchase or whence shipment was made to Canada ; the country of destination is that to which shipment is made. Thus, Canadian wheat, purchased by New York dealers shipped to and entered in bond at New Tork, and thence exported to Great Britain, would appear only as exported from Canada to the United States. The only Canadian port where transit trade is recorded is Montreal, such trade comprising chiefly goods received from the United States and transhipped to other countries by the St. Lawrence route. Transit trade is not included in the general trade, which comprises all other imports into and exports from Canada. The term "special trade," in Canada, is applied to imports from Newfoundland which are exempt from duties leviable on similar ;»oods from other countries.
All export entries are delivered at the ' frontier port of exir,' and the totals thereof are credited to the respective ports where the goods rass Outward from Canada.
