Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/504

472 ANDERSON ANDERSON. I. A N. W. county of South Car- olina, separated from Georgia by the Savannah river bounded N. E. by the Saluda and drained by a number of smaller streams; area, 800 sq. m. pop. in 1870, 24,049, of whom 9,593 were colored. The Greenville and Columbia and the Blue Ridge railroads traverse the county. The surface is uneven ; the soil fertile and well cultivated. The productions in 1870 were 77,169 bushels of wheat, 409,688 of corn, 84 213 of oats, 13,225 of sweet potatoes, 162,842 Ibs. of butter, 15,397 of wool, and 5,274 bales of cotton ; value of animals slaughtered, $189,982. There were 984 white and 309 colored children attending school. Capital, Anderson. II. An E. central county of Texas, bounded W. by the Trinity river, and touching the Neches river on the' east; area, 900 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 9,229, of whom 4,436 were col- ored. About two thirds of the county is timbered. The surface is rolling and the soil fertile. In 1870 the county produced 177,285 bushels of corn, 22,136 of sweet potatoes, 4,016 bales of cotton, and 49,381 Ibs. of butter. Iron ore is abundant. There are about 20 churches and the same number of schools. Capital, Palestine. III. A N. E. county of Tennessee, traversed by Clinch and Powell's rivers ; area, 600 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 8,704, of whom 928 were colored. On its northwest- ern border is Cumberland mountain, and on the southeast rises Chestnut ridge, between which two ranges lies a deep fertile valley, well watered and abundantly stocked with timber. Coal is found in various parts of the county. At Estabrook are salt and sul- phur springs. The chief productions in 1870 were 22,932 bushels of wheat, 262,664 of corn, and 73,441 of oats. Capital, Clinton. IV. A N. central county of Kentucky, bounded E. by the Kentucky river, and intersected by Salt river; area, 300 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,449, of whom 698 were colored. The surface is level or gently undulating; the soil generally pro- ductive. The productions in 1870 were 35,340 bushels of wheat, 300,963 of corn, 33,004 of oats, 19,639 of rye, 15,165 Ibs. of tobacco, 18,425 of wool, and 112,341 of butter. Capi- tal, Lawrenceburg. V. A S. E. county of Kan- sas, drained by Potawatamie creek, a branch of the Osage river ; area, 576 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 5,220. The productions in 1870 were 85,769 bushels of wheat, 206,989 of corn, 77,779 of oats, 12,913 Ibs. of wool, and 93,485 of butter. Capital, Garrett. ANDERSON, Alexander, the first wood engraver in America, born in New York, April 21, 1775, died in Jersey City, N. J., Jan. 17, 1870. He was the son of a Scotch printer, who just be- fore the outbreak of the revolution published in New York a republican newspaper, "The Constitutional Gazette," so strongly opposing British rule thfcf when Howe's army entered the city he was Obliged to take refuge in Con- necticut. At the aj^e of 12 Anderson made his first attempt at engraving on small copper and type-metal plates, having obtained his only instruction by watching jewellers and other workmen. Among his early engravings were some copies of anatomical figures, and his in- terest in subjects of this kind induced him to begin the study of medicine. He took his doctor's degree at Columbia college in 1796, writing an able thesis on "Chronic Mania," but soon began to devote himself to art studies, finding his first regular employment in the illus : tration of a little book, "The Looking-Glass for the Mind." Hearing of the method of Be- wick, the English engraver, he began to use boxwood blocks, though for some years em- ploying copper in the greater part of his work. He invented his own tools for wood engraving, since none existed in America at the time he began the experiment. After 1812 he en- graved only upon wood, and attained great skill. He illustrated many standard works; among the earliest was the first edition of Web- ster's spelling-book. He was for many years employed in illustrating the American tract society's publications, retiring in 1865, at the age of 90, till which time he had retained his skill and mental powers almost unimpaired. ANDERSON, Sir Edmund, an English judge, born in Lincolnshire about 1540, died Aug. 1, 1605. He was made chief justice of the com- mon pleas in 1582, and distinguished himself by his zeal for the established church and his harshness toward dissenters. He was one of the commissioners for the trial of Mary queen of Scots, and afterward of Raleigh. His " Re- ports of Cases argued and adjudged in the time of Queen Elizabeth, in the Common Bench " (fol., London, 1644), and "Resolutions and Judgments on the Cases and Matters agi- tated in all the Courts of Westminster in the latter end of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth " (4to, London, 1655), are much esteemed. ANDERSON, Junes, a Scottish antiquary and lawyer, born in Edinburgh, Aug. 5, 1662, died April 3, 1728. In 1705 he published "An Essay showing that the Crown of Scotland is Imperial and Independent," in answer to a pamphlet which had appeared a short time before. For this he received the thanks of the Scottish parliament, besides a present in money, and a commission to collect and pub- lish ancient documents illustrative of the na- tional independence. Soon after the union of the two kingdoms he removed to London, where he employed himself in literary labors and in endeavoring to obtain a recognition of his claims on the government; and from 1715 to 1717 he was postmaster general of Scotland. He published "Collections relating to the His- tory of Mary, Queen of Scotland " (4 vols. 4to, 1727-'8). His " Royal Genealogies, . . . from Adam to these Times," appeared after his death (1732), as also his great work, Selec- tus Diplomatum et Numismatum Scotia The- saurus (1739), edited by Ruddlman. ANDERSON, James, a Scottish writer on agri- culture, political economy, and natural science,