Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/540

508 ANGOXILEME quise de Verneuil. Released in 1616, he con- ducted the siege of Soissons the next year, ob- tained from Louis XIII. the duchy of Angouleme in 1619, and besieged Rochelle in 1628. He took part also in the wars of Languedoc, Germany, and Flanders. He left Memoires of the reigns of Henry III. and Henry IV., a Relation de Vori- gine et succes des cherifs, et de Fetat des roy- aumes de Maroc, Fez et Tarudant, translated from the Spanish of Diego de Torres, and some other writings, all of which have been pub- lished. II. Louis Antoine de Bourbon, duke of, eldest son of Charles X. of France and Marie Thfirese of Savoy, born at Versailles, Aug. 6, 1775, died at Gorz, June 3, 1844. At the outbreak of the revolution he accompanied his father (then duke of Artois) to Turin, where he spent a few years in military studies. In 1792 he received a command in Germany, but he was not fitted for a soldier, and soon withdrew from the field, retiring with his father to Holy- rood, and subsequently joining his uncle Louis XVIII. at Blankenburg and Mitau. At the lat- ter place he married, June 10, 1799, his cousin Marie Therese Charlotte, daughter of Louis XVI. During the hundred days he was ap- pointed lieutenant general of the kingdom, and made a weak attempt to oppose the emperor ; but his troops abandoned him, and after a few days' detention as a prisoner he was sent to Barcelona. After the second restoration he was charged with the suppression of disorders in the southern provinces, and in 1823 command- ed the army of intervention which put down the revolution in Spain. In July, 1830, he signed with his father the act of abdication in favor of his nephew the duke of Bordeaux (now Count de Chambord), and went into ex- ile with the rest of the royal family. He was a man of mean abilities and sluggish disposi- tion. III. Marie The*rese Miarlotte, duchess of, wife of the preceding, and daughter of Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette, born at Versailles Dec. 19, 1778, died at Frohsdorf, Oct. 19, 1851. She shared the imprisonment of her parents in the Temple, and after their execution was held in captivity till December, 1795, when Austria procured her liberation in exchange for cer- tain members of the convention. She lived at Vienna till her marriage, known by the title of madame royale. Afterward she shared the vicissitudes of her husband's exile, sustaining his courage by her superior spirit and intelligence, returning with him to France in 1814, and ex- erting a great influence over the troops at Bordeaux during the hundred days, so that Napoleon called her " the only man in the fam- ily." At the time of the July revolution she was at Dijon, and made a dangerous journey in disguise to Raraboulilet, where she rejoined the duke. She went with the royal family to England, where her husband and she assumed the titles of count and countess of Marne. They lived some time at Holyrood, but the climate of Scotland proving too severe for the countess, they removed to the continent. ANHYDRIDES ANGOUMOIS, one of the old provinces of France, between Poitou and Guienne, bounded W. by Saintonge, with which it was joined to form a military government. Capital, Angouleme. It nearly corresponded to the present department of Charente. It was generally governed by the counts of Angouleme from the 9th to the 14th century, when it was united to the crown. AN<;KA. a seaport town on the S. side of the island of Terceira, one of the Azores; pop. 13,000. It is well built on a hill rising from the water's edge, has wide but dirty streets, and is generally the residence of the governor of the Azores, as well as of the consuls of Eng- land, France, and Holland. The harbor is pro- tected by two forts, but, though the best in the Azores, it is exposed to all winds from the S. S. W. by S. to the E., and on the approach of a gale from this quarter vessels are obliged to put to sea for safety. The principal exports are wine and grain. AAGIISCIOLA, Angnssola, or Agnosciola, Sofonisba, an Italian female painter, born at Cremona about 1530, died about 1620. After executing a num- ber of portraits and some fine historical pieces, she went to Madrid in 1561, at the invitation of Philip II., and painted portraits of Queen Isa- bella and other celebrities of the Spanish court. Constant application brought on blindness in her latter years. Vandyke, who visited her frequently, was wont to speak with great re- spect of her knowledge of art. Her sisters LUCIA, EUROPA, and ANNA MARIA also painted, but were less distinguished than Sofonisba. ANUS. Earls of. See DOUGLAS. A> HALT, a duchy of the German empire, sit- uated on both banks of the Elbe and the Saale, and bounded by Prussian Saxony, Branden- burg, and Brunswick ; area, 897 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 208,354. It was formerly divided into four duchies, called Anhult-Dessau, Anhalt- Bernburg, Anhalt-Zerbst, and Anhalt-Kothen, after the principal towns, but was in 1793 uni- ted into three, in 1853 into two, and finally in 1863 into one. The soil is mostly level and fertile, and here and there wooded and pictu- resque. It produces corn, flax, tobacco, hops, and fruits. There are iron, lead, and copper mines. The Anhalt family trace their lineage to Esico von Ballenstedt, who flourished in the 10th century. They have been generally of martial spirit, and in the history of Germany they have furnished various distinguished gen- erals in the service of the emperors and of the kings of Prussia. From Anhalt-Zerbst came Catharine II., empress of Russia. The present duke, Frederick, born April 29, 1831, succeed- ed his father May 22, 1871. Capital, Dessau. AMI V DKI I>KS, compounds which become acids upon the addition of water. In technical lan- guage, they are the oxides of acid radicals, and stand in the same relation to acids as the oxide of potassium, K a O, does to the hydrated pot- ash, HKO. The most familiar anhydrides are sulphuric, nitric, hypochlorous, and acetic ; these have long been called anhydrous sulphu-