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152 BOUILLON BOULLONGNE emperor having failed to keep his promise. They regained their courage on the supposed discovery of the lance which pierced the side of the Saviour on the cross ; and after a siege of 38 days, Godfrey, with only 20,000 men remaining of his army, captured Jerusalem, July 15, 1099. He tried, hut in vain, to re- strain the excesses of his soldiers, and a fearful massacre ensued. Elected king, he refused to assume a royal crown on the spot where the Saviour had been crowned with thorns, and, accepting only the title of duke and adminis- trator of the Holy Sepulchre, surrendered to the patriarch the kingdom of Jerusalem, while he watched over the defence of the city, which was threatened hy a vast Egyptian army. God- frey soon died, probably of care and anxiety, after having founded a monastery in the val- ley of Jehoshaphat. He was buried on Calvary, and was succeeded by his brother Baldwin I., who assumed the title of king of Jerusalem. Godfrey's exploits have been celebrated by Tasso. BOUILLON. I. Henri de la Tour d'Anvergne, duke de, marshal of France, born Sept. 28, 1555, died March 25, 1623. During the first part of his life he was known as viscount of Turenne. He received a military training under the superintendence of his grandfather, the constable de Montmorency. While still young he was converted to Calvinism, and became an adherent of Henry of Navarre. After his accession to the throne of France, Henry conferred on him the hand and estates of Charlotte de la Marck, the heiress of the duchy of Bouillon, and thus he became a powerful prince and assumed the title of duke de Bouillon. On the evening of his marriage, bidding adieu to his bride for a few hours, he stormed the fortress of Stenay, which was held by the Lorrainers. This made Henry say that he would make marriages every day if he could be sure of such wedding presents. He after- ward participated in the conspiracy of Biron, and fled to Geneva, where he remained till 1 606. During the regency of Maria de' Medici, Bouillon sometimes sided with the queen, some- times with her opponents; now supporting the Calvinists, then making peace with the court. Yet he found time to establish at Sedan a large library and a college. After the death of his first wife he married Elizabeth of Nas- sau, daughter of William, prince of Orange, by whom he had two sons, the younger of whom was the celebrated Turenne. II. Frederic Maurice de la Tonr d'Auvergne, duke de, a French soldier, son of the preceding, born at Sedan, Oct. 22, 1605, died at Pontoise, Aug. 9, 1652. He was brought up in the Calvinistic creed, and learned the profession of arms under his uncles, Maurice of Nassau and Frederick Henry. In 1635 he entered the service of France, but six years later, from aversion for Richelieu, he joined the Spaniards. At the battle of La Marfee, July 6, 1641, fighting on the side of the count de Soissons, he displayed extra- ordinary ability, but the withdrawal of the Spanish allies rendered victory useless. He then made peace with the cardinal, and was appointed lieutenant general, but the next year was arrested as an accomplice in the con- spiracy of Cinq-Mars. He probably would have been executed if his wife, who was in possession of Sedan, had not threatened to de- liver it up to the Spaniards. After the death of Louis XIII. he went to Rome, was convert- ed to Catholicism, and placed in command of the papal troops. In 1649 he returned to France, where he actively participated in the civil war against Mazarin. BOUILLY, Jean Nicolas, a French dramatist and novelist, born about 1763, died in Paris, April 14, 1842. He wrote the texts of many operas, including Le jeune Henri, by Mfihul, and Les deux journeea of Cherubini. He was also the author of several comedies and dramas, and of collections of tales for young persons, which were translated into German. BOULAINVILLIERS, Henri, count de, a French historian, born at Saint-Saire, Normandy, Oct. 11, 1658, died Jan. 23, 1722. He asserted that France as a nation was indebted for its power to the feudal system, which in his opinion was the " masterpiece of human genius." His His- toire de Vancien gomernement de la France (the Hague, 1727) set forth this theory, and he wrote many other works. BOULDER, a N. county of Colorado, bounded W. by the Medicine Bow mountains ; area, 600 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,939. It is watered by affluents of the South fork of the Platte river. The chief productions in 1870 were 54,891 bushels of wheat, 21,060 of Indian corn, 71,183 of oats, 3,898 tons of hay, and 84,253 Ibs. of butter. There were 877 horses, 1,847 milch cows, 3,219 other cattle, and 183 swine. Capital, Boulder City. BOULDERS. See BOWLDEES. KOI'LE, Theodore, a French publisher, born Feb. 23, 1799. In 1833 he founded the Esta- fette, and owned this journal till 1858, when, after 18 suits against him for stealing articles from as many other journals, it was suppressed by the government. On Feb. 24, 1848, he pub- lished the Republique, announcing the estab- lishment of a republic previous to the official proclamation to that effect. His establishment was sacked June 13, 1849, by the national guard, and in 1850 he was deprived of his license as publisher. His business became then the property of a joint-stock company, which up to 1852 had already attended to the print- ing of more than 200 journals. Among the daily and periodical journals with which Boul6 was connected as printer or proprietor, or in other capacities, were the Revue Britannique (1836), Patrie (1843-'o), Figaro (1855), &c. Ho has amassed an immense fortune. BOULLONGNE. I. Louis, a French painter, born in Picardy about 1609, died in Paris in June, 1674. He studied in Italy, and after settling in Paris about 1640, he became one of