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334 BROUSSON BROWN explain all the phenomena of health and dis- ease. The same opinion arose in France after a seven years' practical trial of the system ; and .after being greatly lauded and admired, Brous- sais was deserted by the students and pro- fessors of medicine. The partial truth of his views was admitted, but other principles and doctrines were needed to explain the physio- logical and pathological phenomena of life. In nervous diseases it afforded no assistance, but left the student as much in the dark as he was before ; and this was admitted by his own par- tisans, and partly by Broussais himself. To make his system more complete, he undertook .a series of observations on the nervous system, And its relatioa to psychology. Although he had been up to that time more or less opposed to phrenology, he turned his attention to the subject, gave public lectures on it, and in 1836 published an octavo volume under the title of GOUTS de phrenologie. This work had a tem- porary popularity, but failed to make an abid- ing impression. Broussais's theory was on the wane, as a partial view of truth, not contain- ing a complete and unitary principle of science. BKOUSSON, Claude, a French Protestant mar- tyr, born in Nimes in 1647, put to death in Montpellier, Nov. 4, 1698. He was an advo- cate at Castres and Toulouse, and displayed great ability in defending the Huguenots. Af- ter the interdiction of the Protestant synods, 16 deputies of the principal Protestant communi- ties of France assembled at his house in 1683 ; these meetings were subsequently called les as- semblees Au desert. The outbreak which resulted from these meetings compelled Brousson to leave Toulouse ; and barely escaping arrest at Nimes, he fled to the Cevennes,and thence to Switzer- land. With many Protestant ministers of the Cevennes he was hanged in effigy, July 3, 1684, in the market place of Nimes. Returning to the Cevennes, he was ordained under the name of Paul Beausocle, and remained there as an itinerant preacher, amid great perils, till Decem- ber, 1693, when he returned to Switzerland, after addressing to the governor of the prov- ince of Languedoc, who had put a price upon his head, a lettre apologetique, in reply to the charge of being a disturber of the public peace. In November, 1695, he ventured into France, by way of the Ardennes ; but being recognized, he fled again to Switzerland, proceeding thence to the Netherlands, where the government gave him a pension. In 1697 he recrossed the fron- tier, entering France by the Jura mountains, and the next spring he was again preaching in the C6vennes. After narrow escapes he was ar- rested and sent to Montpellier, where he was broken on the wheel, upon the ground of al- leged treasonable cooperation with the count de Schomberg in the scheme of invading France. His principal works are : Vetat ties reformes de France (3 vols., the Hague, 1684); Lettres au clerge de France (1685) ; Lettres des Protestants de France a .tout lei autres Pro- 'testants de V Europe (Berlin, 1688); Lettres au Catholique* romains (1689) ? Relation som- maire des merveilles que Dieufait en France duns le,s Cevennes, &c. (1694). His biography was published at Utrecht in 1701. BROCSSONNET, Pierre Angnste, a French physician and naturalist, born at Montpellier, Feb.. 28, 1761, died there, July 27, 1807. He was the first who introduced the botanical system of Linnseus into France. He caused the first flock of merino sheep to be brought from Spain, and the first Angora goats from the Levant. In 1789 he became a member of the national assembly, and in 1792 of the conven- tion ; but, incurring the suspicions of the terror- ists, he in 1793 escaped to Madrid. Here, hav- ing had no opportunity to secure any of hist property, he was reduced to great poverty when Sir Joseph Banks, whose acquaintance he had made during a three years' residence in Eng- land, sent him a gift of $5,000, and procured him a passage to India in an English ship. The vessel in which he had embarked was forced into Lisbon harbor by a storm, and finding that his old political associations exposed him even here to fresh persecutions, he passed over to Africa, where he procured employment as a physician at Morocco, and resumed his botanical and zoological studies. Under the empire he was appointed French consul at Mogadore and the Canaries ; and in 1805, on his return to France, he was made a member of the legislative body. He belonged to the principal learned societies of France, and was the author of several botanical, zoological, and medical works of great value ; the most important of them is his Ichthyologia, sen Pis- cium Descriptiones et Icones (London, 1782), which, however, he left unfinished, only one volume having been published. BROWN, the name of counties in seven of the United States. I. A W. central county of Texas, intersected by Pecan bayou, and bounded S. by the Colorado river and W. by Jim Ned creek ; area, 1,050 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 544, of whom 37 were colored. The surface is undulating and hilly, with occasional tracts of rolling prairie, the soil of which is very rich. Stock-raising forms the chief oc- cupation of the inhabitants. In 1870 there were 77 horses, 373 milch cows, 13,533 other cattle, 630 sheep, and 1,875 swine. Capital, Brownwood. II. A S. W. county of. Ohio, separated from Kentucky by the Ohio river ; area, 502 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 30,802. The surface near the river is hilly, but in other portions level or gently undulating. The soil is fertile and well cultivated. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 199,605 bushels of wheat, 926,168 of Indian corn, 19 6, 305 of oats, 13,587 tons of hay, 2,687,743 Ibs. of tobacco, 62,756 of wool, 519,771 of butter, 51,684 gal- lons of sorghum molasses, and 10,776 of wine. There were 8,113 horses, 6,326 milch cows, 8,721 other cattle, 19,268 sheep, and 28,720 swine. Capital, Georgetown. III. A S. county of Indiana, watered by Bean Blossom and Salt