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BROWN 335 creeks; area, 320 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 8,081. Its surface is diversified, and the soil is gener- ally productive. Much of the land is well wooded. The chief productions in 1870 were 83,056 bushels of wheat, 197,734 of Indian corn, 61,139 of oats, 2,348 tons of hay, 24,498 Ibs. of wool, and 65,765 of tobacco. There were 2,062 horses, 1,391 milch cows, 2,141 other cattle, 8,404 sheep, and 7,100 swine. Capital, Nashville. IV. A W. county of Illinois, bounded E. by the Illinois river ; area, 320 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 12,205. The surface is occupied partly by prairies and partly by woodlands. The soil is fertile and well cul- tivated. The Toledo, Wabash, and Western railroad passes through the county. The chief productions in 1870 were 130J778 bushels of wheat, 337,769 of Indian corn, 70,852 of oats, 5,633 tons of hay, and 26,439 Ibs. of wool. There were 3,434 horses, 2,258 milch cows, 4,8fi4 other cattle, 9,525 sheep, and 16,208 swine. Capital, Mount Sterling. V. An E. county of Wisconsin, at the head of Green bay, intersected by Fox or Neenah river; area, 525 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 25,168. The surface is uneven and some of the soil fertile. The Wisconsin division of the Chicago and North- western railroad passes through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 164,227 bushels of wheat, 16,498 of rye, 13,152 of Indian corn, 153,953 of oats, 68,329 of potatoes, 19,525 tons of hay, and 309,838 Ibs. of butter. There were 2,479 horses, 4,267 milch cows, 4,685 other cattle, 5,216 sheep, and 5,331 swine. Capital, Green Bay. VI. A 8. county of Min- nesota, bounded N. E. by the Minnesota river, and intersected by the Big Cottonwood and Little Cottonwood ; area, 450 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,396. There are several lakes in the S. part. The chief productions in 1870 were 213,- 270 bushels of wheat, 34,525 of Indian corn, 156,768 of oats, 24,448 of barley, 16,520 tons of hay, and 94,993 Ibs. of butter. There were 1,202 horses, 2,155 milch cows, 3,631 other cattle, 995 sheep, and 1,796 swine. Capital, New Ulm. VII. A N. E. county of Kansas, bordering on Nebraska ; area, 576 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,823. It is drained by Grass- hopper creek and other affluents of the Mis- souri. The St. Joseph and Denver City rail- road crosses the county. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 62,619 bushels of wheat, 614,268 of Indian corn, 128,136 of oats, 57,961 of potatoes, 12,582 tons of hay, and 131,257 Ibs. of butter. There were 3,004 horses, 2,767 milch cows, 5,141 other cattle, 2,590 sheep, and 7,900 swine. Capital, Hiawatha. BROWN, Benjamin Gratz, an American journal- ist and statesman, born in Lexington, Ky., May 28, 1826. He is a member of a family of Virgin- ian origin, the son of Mason Brown, and grand- son of John Brown, United States senator from Kentucky. He graduated at the Transylvania university in 1845 and at Yale college in 1847, studied law at Louisville, and about 1850 took up his residence in St. Louis. He was a mem- 125 VOL. in. 22 ber of the Missouri legislature from 1852 to 1858, and in 1857 delivered a speech which was regarded as initiating a movement in be- half of emancipation in that state. In 1854 he established the "Missouri Democrat," which subsequently led the Benton democracy through all phases of freesoilism, until it expanded into the republican party of Missouri. At the out- break of the civil war he raised a regiment which assisted in the capture of Fort Jackson, and afterward commanded a brigade of militia. He promoted the act of emancipation of 1864. From 1863 to 1867 he was United States sena- tor from Missouri, and in 1870 was elected governor of the state. In 1872 he was nomi- nated for vice president of the United States, on the ticket headed by Horace Greeley, by the liberal republican convention at Cincinnati and the democratic convention at Baltimore. BROWN, Charles Brockden, an American novel- ist, born in Philadelphia, Jan, 17, 1771, died Feb. 22, 1810. His ancestors were Quakers who came over with William Penn. At 11 years of age he was placed under the care of Mr. Robert Proud, author of a " History of Pennsylvania," and from him he derived a knowledge of the classics. He left Mr. Proud's school before he was 16, and soon afterward drew up the plan of several epics on the dis- covery of America and the conquest of Mex- ico and Peru. Neither of them was ever pub- lished, nor do any fragments of them remain. He determined to pursue law, but presently abandoned the profession for literature. The first of his novels was " Wieland," issued in 1798, and in 1799 he published "Ormond." These two novels were successful, and until Cooper produced his works there were no American fictions to compare with them. His third novel, " Arthur Mervyn, or Memoirs of the Year 1793," depicts the scenes in Philadel- phia during the prevalence of the yellow fever. " Edgar Huntley, or the Adventures of a Sleep- walker," was published not long afterward. The scene of this story, as of "Wieland," is laid in Pennsylvania. In 1800 he published the second part of " Arthur Mervyn ; " in 1801, " Clara Howard ;" and in 1804, " Jane Talbot." From April, 1799, to the close of 1800, he con- ducted the "Monthly Magazine and American Review." In 1803 he commenced the " Liter- ary Magazine and American Register," which he continued five years; and in 1806 he com- menced a semi-annual "American Register," of which he published five volumes. A collec- tion of his novels in 7 vols. was published in Boston in 1827. Another edition in 6 vols. appeared in Philadelphia in 1857. BROWN, Ford JHadox, an English painter, born at Calais, France, in 1821. He studied his art in Belgium and Paris, and sent two cartoons to the competition in Westminster hall in 1844, and a cartoon and fresco in 1845. After visiting Italy he painted "Wycliffe reading his Trans- lation of the Scriptures," and in the following year exhibited "King Lear" and the "Young