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BONAPARTE himself with Godoy and Charles IV., and in March, 1801, secured the alliance of Spain with France in the attack upon Portugal. But he subsequently allowed himself to be outwitted by Godoy, incurring the censure of Napoleon, who charged him with having played into the hands of England, but ordered him to remain in Spain till after the conclusion of the treaties of Badajoz and Amiens, although Lucien had at once tendered his resignation. On his return to Paris, early in 1802, he became a member of the tribunate. He supported the conclusion of the concordat, and aided his brother in being made consul for life. Elected as the deputy of the tribunate to the grand council of the legion of honor, of which he was one of the founders, he became in this capacity an ex officio member of the senate. The institute was reorganized and enlarged under his auspices, and both he and his second wife, whom he married in 1802, were popular in literary and general society ; but this alliance was so displeasing to Napoleon that Lucien, who never sacrificed his dignity and independence, broke oft' all relations with him and left France in the spring of 1804. He went to Milan, then to Pesaro, and eventu- ally took up his residence in a magnificent palace in Kome, devoting himself to literary and archaeological labors, in which he became so much absorbed that Count Miot, charged by Napoleon in 1806 to offer a crown to Lucien if he would repudiate his wife, did not even ven- ture to broach the subject. In December, 1807, Napoleon sought an interview with him at Mantua, and offered him a crown, the hand of the prince of Asturias for his daughter, and a duchy for his wife, provided he would divorce her. But Lucien spurned these tempt- ing offers, and deemed it prudent to leave Rome in view of the emperor's increased exas- peration, and to reside on his extensive estate near Viterbo, which the pope converted for his benefit into the principality of Canino. Lucien felt even here insecure against Napoleon, and embarked at Civita Vecchia Aug. 1, 1810, for the United States ; but he was captured by an English cruiser and conveyed to Malta, and thence to England. Though Lucien was not connected with the empire, and Napoleon even had his name struck out of the imperial al- manac, he was treated as a prisoner and de- tained at Ludlow castle, Wales. Shortly after- ward, however, he was allowed to reside at Thorngrove, Worcestershire, where he remain- ed till April, 1814, when he returned to Rome. As soon as he was apprised of the emperor's banishment to Elba, he became as generous to him in his adversity as he had been vehement in opposing his tyranny in his prosperity, and assisted him during the hundred days. After spending some time with his friend Mme. de Stael in Switzerland, he took up his official residence in the palaw royal as an imperial prince ; but the chamber cf peers declined ad- mitting him as such, recognizing him only as an ordinary member. He was installed among the members of the government upon the emperor's departure for Waterloo. After the fatal issue of that battle his appeals to the chambers in favor of the preservation of the empire proved unavailing, and Lafayette gave him a crushing reply by referring to the vast hosts sacrificed to the emperor's ambition. He in vain advised his brother to dissolve the chambers, and on his second abdication he insisted upon his transferring the throne to Napoleon II., whose claims he also vindicated in the senate. He remained with Napoleon till the end of June, and subsequently twice proposed to share his captivity in St. Helena. Going to Italy, he was arrested at Turin, and released after three months on the intervention of the pope, to whose dominions he returned, to devote him- self in his villa Russinella, near Frascati, to literary and archseological labors. Beranger applying to him for assistance in 1803, Lucien immediately placed at his disposal his annual income from the academy, and the poet ex- pressed his gratitude in the preface to his songs of 1833; but Lucien was excluded from the academy after the restoration, though he had been one of its benefactors. He published a description of his famous collection of Etruscan antiquities, and his other works include a novel, La tribu indienne, ou Edouard et Stellina (2 vols., Paris, 1799), which was translated into English and German ; Charlemagne, ou VEgliie delivree(2 vols., London, 1814; English transla- tion by Butler and Hodgson), and other poems; La verite sur les Cent Jours (Paris, 1835); and his Memoires, of which the first volume appeared in 1836, and an extract of the second volume was published by his widow in 1845 under the title, Le 18 Brumaire. Lucien's first wife, CHRISTINE ELEONORE BOTEB, daughter of a hotel proprietor, died in Paris, May 14, 1800. She bore him two children: CHARLOTTE, born May 13, 1796, married in 1815 Prince Mario Gabrielli, and in 1842 the Roman physician Centamori, and died in Rome May 6, 1865. CHRISTINE EGYPTA, born in Paris, Oct. 19, 1798, married in 1818 the Swedish count Arved Posse, and in 1824 Lord Dudley Coutts Stuart, and died in Rome in May, 1847. Lucien's second wife (1802) and previous mistress was MARIE ALEXANDRINE CHARLOTTE LOUISE LAURENCE DE BLESCHAMP, who was divorced from her first husband, the wealthy stock broker Jouberthon. She was an amiable and accomplished woman, and pub- lished a poem, Satilde, reine des Francs (Paris, 1820). She bore him four daughters and four sons. Of the former, JEANNE died shortly after her marriage with Count Honorati ; MARIE married Count Vincenzo Valentin!, who died in 1858 ; CONSTANCE became abbess of the convent of the Sacred Heart in Rome ; and L.CTITIA, born in Milan, Dec. 1, 1804, was the wife of Sir Thomas Wyse, for many years British ambas- sador in Athens, became a widow in 1862, and died March 15, 1871. One of her two daugh- ters became in 1862 the wife of the Hungarian