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BURGUNDY 451 against the Huns, and was succeeded by his son Gunderic, who was the ally of the Romans in their struggle with Attila. One of his suc- cessors, Gundebald, was the author of the Lex Gundebalda. Soon after their arrival in Gaul the Burgundians became Arian Christians, but Sigismund, the son and successor of Gnndebald, embraced Catholicism. BURGUNDY (Fr. Bourgogne), the name of three kingdoms, of a feudal duchy, and lastly of a French province. I. First Kingdom of. This was founded about 413 by the Burgun- dians, who gradually extended their dominions over the valleys of the Saone and the Rh6ne, their possessions being bounded N. by the Rhine, the Faucilles mountains, and a winding line falling in a 8. W. direction to the Loire, E. by the Alps and the river Reuss, W. by the upper Loire, Arde'che, and lower Rh6ne, and 8. by the Mediterranean ; consequently inclu- ding the French provinces known afterward as Burgundy, Franche-Comte', Lyonnais, the N. E. part of Languedoc, Dauphiny, and Provence, with the western parts of Switzerland and Savoy. About the year 500 Clovis, impelled by his wife Clotilda, a Burgundian princess, de- sirous of avenging her father's death, invaded Burgundy, and imposed a heavy tribute, and the sons of Clovis conquered the kingdom, which in 534 became part of the Frankish em- pire. It however preserved its name and local laws, and more than once had Merovingian kings of its own. II. Clsjnrane and Trnnsjnraiip. The Frankish dominion over Burgundy had lasted 300 years when the dismemberment of the Carlovingian empire occurred, and Bur- gundy was among the first to assert its inde- pendence. In 879 a number of bishops and noblemen conferred the crown upon Boso, count of Vienne, a mild and prudent prince, brother-in-law of Charles the Bald of France. His kingdom, from its situation in respect to France, was called Cisjurane, and sometimes Lower Burgundy, consisting of southwestern Franche-Oomte', southern Savoy, Dauphiny, and Provence, with a part of Lyonnais. A little later, Count Rudolph of Upper Burgundy founded a second kingdom of Burgundy, the Transjurane, formed of western Switzerland to the Reuss, northeastern Franche-Comte', and northern Savoy. The two kingdoms were united in 930, but not integrally, under the name of the kingdom of Aries, which con- tinued for about a century. Meanwhile the kings of Aries or Provence, unable to contend successfully against the nobles, were obliged to acknowledge the supremacy of the German emperors. Consequently, on the death of Ru- dolph III., in 1032, the emperor Conrad II., as lord paramount, took possession of the king- dom, go that the S. E. part of France became one of the provinces of the German empire. It was now governed by imperial vicars ; but early in the 14th century the various provinces of which it consisted separated ; some, like the Swiss cantons, asserting their independence, others acknowledging the power of their own feudal lords, but most of them reverting to the French kings. III. Dnchy of. First Ducal House. While these kingdoms were passing through these vicissitudes, the N. W. part of old Burgundy had remained united to France, and formed one of its great feudal provinces. In the 10th century the duchy of Burgundy belonged to Henry, brother of Hugh Capet, and shortly afterward to the second son of Robert the Pious. This prince, who died in 1075, was the head of the first ducal house of Bur- gundy, which lasted till 1361. His successors, 11 in number, were among the 12 peers of France, and rivalled the most powerful princes of their times. They increased their hereditary dominions, especially by the annexation of the county of Burgundy or Franche-Gomte', one of the provinces dismembered from the kingdom of Aries, and were besides during the 13th and 14th centuries possessors of a kingdom and two principalities in the East. They proved singu- larly constant in their loyalty to the kings of France. Several of them engaged in crusades, especially Hugh III. and his grandson Hugh IV. The latter accompanied Louis IX. in his expedition to Egypt, shared his captivity, and was liberated with him. By a treaty with- Baldwin II., emperor of Constantinople, he became king of Salonica. Eudes IV., the last but one of the family, besides that king- dom, had also the principalities of Achaia and Morea. Second Ducal House. On the death of Philip the Rouvre, the last of the preceding family, the duchy of Burgundy reverted for a short time to the crown of France. King John, to reward his third son, Philip the Bold, who had fought gallantly at Poitiers, bestowed this rich inheritance upon him, Sept. 6, 1363. He and his three successors were among the most famous historical characters of their age. (See PHILIP THE BOLD, JOHN THE FEARLESS, PHILIP THE GOOD, and CHARLES THE BOLD.) The last two dukes possessed regal power, and their dominions included not only Burgundy proper and several adjoining French fiefs, but the whole of the Netherlands, and finally the duchy of Lorraine and the imperial vicariate of Alsace. On the death of Charles the Bold in battle against Ren6 II. of Lorraine, whom he had dis- possessed, Louis XL at once seized on the duchy of Burgundy, Franche-Comte', Picardy, and Ar- tois, as escheated French fiefs ; he was, however, obliged to resign Franche-Comte', but retained the other provinces. Mary, the heiress of Charles, married Maximilian of Austria, whence the claims of Austria to the Burgundian prov- inces. The Low Countries and Franche-Comte' were, however, all that it ever possessed. But these contests were the origin of protracted wars between France and Austria. IV. Prov- inee of. The duchy proper, from its reunion to France in 1477, became one of the most im- portant provinces of the kingdom. It was, moreover, one of the most loyal. When Fran- cis I. by the treaty of Madrid agreed to restore