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452 BURGUNDY BURIAL to Charles V. all the provinces once belonging to the ducnl house of Burgundy, the states of the province solemnly protested that they were French, and that the king had no right to give up his subjects against their consent. This province now forms most of the departments of Yonne, Cote d'Or, Sa6ne-et-Loire, Ain, and a small part of those of Aube and Nievre. It is celebrated for its industry, but above all for its wines. The Charolais and C6te d'Or ranges traverse it from S. to N., extending toward the plateau of Langres, and forming the watershed between the tributaries of the Rh&ne and those of the Seine and Loire. The Seine, which rises in the province, flows through the northwest, the Saone traverses the centre, and the Rhone and Ain water the southeast. The canal du Centre connects the Saone with the Loire. Adjoining it are the rich mines of Le Creuzot. Among the towns are Dijon, Macon, Autun, Chalon-sur-Saone, and Bourg. BURGUNDY WINES. See FRANCE, WINES OF. BURIAL. ' Three principal methods have been employed at different times and in different countries for the disposition of the dead : mum- mification, incineration, and interment. Mum- mification was practised by the Egyptians from the most remote period to the Oth century of Ancient Egyptian Funeral Procession. the Christian era. They embalmed not only human corpses, but the bodies of the ibis, hawk, monkey, cat, and other animals which were held sacred. This preservation of the remains of the dead through a series of ages gave rise to an enormous multiplication of mummies. The Hebrews buried their dead, though, from some Scriptural passages, it would seem that incin- eration was likewise prac- tised. The cemeteries were invariably situated without the walls of the cities. The mourn- ing ceremonies generally lasted seven days, and in the case of very emi- nent personages thirty days, during which pe- riod the nearest mourn- ers fasted and imposed upon themselves other sacrifi ces. Among the Greeks, in historical times, the bodies of the dead were interred or burned, and a common word (OairTelv) is used for cither burial or burning. "When the body was not burn- ed, it was placed in a coffin, generally made of baked clay or earthenware, and buried without the town; intramural interment be- ing forbidden, from the belief that the pres- ence of the dead brought pollution to the liv- ing. If burned, the body was placed upon a pyre built of wood, to which fire was com- municated in the presence of those who had at- tended the funeral ; when the flames were ex- tinguished, the bones were collected and placed Greek Funeral Urn. in urns made of various materials. These were preserved in tombs usually built on the road- sides without the city gates. The burial of the dead by the nearest relatives was a sacred duty, and its neglect exposed them to grave accusa- tions. After the funeral the family of the deceased partook of a feast at the house of the nearest kinsman ; and at Athens the period of mourning continued 30 days, during which other sacrifices and feasts were celebrated. In the representation of these ceremonies on monuments, a horse's head is usually found in one corner, in- tended to represent death as a journey. The punishment of certain criminals was aggravated by the denial of funeral rites, and there were places both at Athens and Sparta into which the bod- Eoman Funeral Urn. ies of such criminals were cast. In the olden times of the republic the Romans generally buried their dead, though burning was likewise practised. Sulla appears to have been the first of the Cornelian gens who was burned. Under the empire burning became customary, until it was subverted by the gradual spread of Christianity, and at the end of the 4th century it had again fallen into general disuse. The funeral rites varied ac- cording to the wealth of the deceased. In the