Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/571

CALAMIS CALAMT 565 cipitation is substituted for it in the "United States Pharmacopoeia." CALAMIS, a Greek statuary, who flourished between 467 and 429 B. C. lie made statues in marble, bronze, gold, and ivory. Among those mentioned by ancient writers are one in marble of Apollo, which some have erroneously supposed to be the Apollo Belvedere ; a bronze Apollo Alexicacos, at Athens ; another Apollo in marble in the Servilian gardens in Rome ; a colossal bronze Apollo, carried to Rome by Lu- cnllus from Apollonia in Illyria ; a Jupiter Am- mon consecrated at Thebes by Pindar. Ho was also famous for his representations of horses, and as an embosser. CALAMITES, extinct species of fossil plants, originally classed by most botanists as crypto- gamous, being regarded as gigantic equiseta. The horsetail of our marshes is a slender herba- ceous plant, with a hollow stem and rarely more than two feet high ; while the calamites of the carboniferous marshes had partly woody Calamites. trunks, and some were 20 feet or more in height. Of the genus calamites about 50 car- boniferous species have been described, only three or four triassic, two Jurassic, and none of later periods. Adolphe Brongniart has shown in his Genres de tegitaux fossiles (1849) that many calamites cannot belong to the equi- seta, nor probably to any tribe of flowerless plants. Ha conceives that they are more nearly allied to the gyrnnospermous dicotyle- dons. Prof. Williamson, on the contrary, thinks that in the arrangement of their tissues they differ widely from all known forms of gyranosperms. These remarkable plants un- fortunately possessed very delicate tissues, so that perfect specimens are extremely rare, and hence the uncertainty respecting them. CALAMUS (Gr. /otta/Mf). I. A sort of reed, which the ancients used as a pen for writing on parchment or papyrus. Those which came from Egypt and Cnidus were the most es- teemed. When the calamus became blunt, it was sharpened with a knife. It was split into two nibs, like our modern pens. It is still used in the East, a quill or metallic pen not Bweet Flag (Acorns calamus, or Calamus aromaticus). being adapted for producing the flowing char- acters of the Arabic and similar alphabets. The reed from which these pens are made ia about three quarters of an inch in circumfer- ence. This instrument must not be confounded with the stilus, which was only used for writing on wax tablets. II. In the pastoral poets of antiquity, a pipe of reed, in construction prob- ably resembling a fife or flageolet. III. In modern botany, a genus of palms furnishing the rattan canes of commerce. (See RATTAN.) IV. The sweet flag (aeorut calamus), growing in swamps, ponds, and on the banks of rivers in England and in the cooler parts of Europe, the East Indies, and America. The thick stem sends up several lance-shaped leaves 2 or 3 ft. long, which when bruised are aromatic, and hence were formerly strewed as rushes in the cathedrals. The rhizome has a strong, aro- matic, slightly acrid taste, and is used in medi- cal practice as a stimulant, especially in some kinds of indigestion, by confectioners for can- dy, and by perfumers in preparing aromatic vinegar and some other articles. CALAJUY. I. Edmund, an English clergyman, born in London in February, 1600, died there, Oct. 29, 1666. He was educated at Pembroke hall, Cambridge, where he failed to gain a fel- lowship in consequence of his opposition to the doctrines of Arminius. He was appointed by the bishop of Ely to a vicarage, became lecturer at Bury St. Edmund's, and in 1639 minister of St. Mary's, Aldermanbury, having left the es- tablished church in conssquence of the promul- gation of the Scottish liturgy and the "Book of Sports." Although a nonconformist, he opposed the execution of Charles I., and in 1660 was one of the deputies sent to Holland