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BONAPARTE (NAPOLEON III.) BONAVENTCRA 55 by considerate attentions ; and his funeral was numerously attended by the English and by French partisans of his dynasty. He published Hutoire de Jules Cesar (2 vols., 18G5-'G), which is still unfinished ; and his miscellaneous writings are contained in (Euvres de Napo- leon III. (5 vols., 1854r-'69), (Euvres militaires (3 vols., 1856), and (Euvres posthumeg (1873). See HMoire du second empire, by laxile Delord (vols. i. to iii., 1869-'72), and Napoleon ///., eine biographische Studie, by Gottschall (3d ed., 1871). The best known publications adverse to Napoleon are Victor Hugo's Napo- leon le Petit (Brussels, 1852), and Let propos de Labienv*, by Prof. Rogeard (Paris, 1865). Eugenie Marie de Montijo, wife of the preced- ing, born in Granada, May 5, 1826. Her fa- ther, Count Montijo, who died in Madrid in 1839, was a grandee of Spain, whose origin has been traced to the Porto-Carrero family of Genoa, which, after settling in Spain in the 14th cen- tury, formed connections with many illustrious houses, whence Eugenie inherited numerous Spanish titles of nobility. Her mother, Maria Manuela Kirkpatrick Closeburn, was descend- ed from a Roman Catholic family of Scotland who sought refuge in Spain after the fall of the Stuarts. After spending her childhood in Ma- drid, Eugenie was sent to school in Toulouse and Bristol, and travelled much with her mother under the name of Countess Teba, residing some time in London. Her beauty, grace, and accomplishments having attracted the attention of the future emperor during his residence in England, she became his wife, Jan. 29, 1853, and contributed greatly to the brilliancy of the imperial court. She prevailed upon the mu- nicipality of Paris to devote a wedding present of the value of 600,000 francs, intended for her, to the endowment of a female college, and fur- ther devoted to charities 100,000 out of 250,- 000 francs presented to her by her husband on the same occasion. She gave birth to the prince imperial March 16, 1856, and the pros- pective right of regency was conferred on her in February, 1 858. Her support was courted by the ultramontanes in respect of the Italian and Roman questions and the Mexican invasion ; and in 1865, while her husband was in Algeria, her position as regent was complicated by Prince Napoleon's hostility to the pope, to whose in- terests she was zealously devoted. After having in previous years accompanied her husband to the English court, she went with her son to Corsica in 1869 to attend the inauguration of the monument of Napoleon I. ; and in October of that year she set out on a journey to the East by way of Venice to attend the opening of the Suez canal, receiving great attentions everywhere. In the same year she endowed the geographical society of Paris with 200,000 francs as a foun- dation for an annual prize of 10,000 francs to the most eminent French explorer or discover- er. She assumed the regency after the empe- ror's departure for the seat of war in 1870, and received the first news of his surrender at Se- j dan through Prince Metternich, the Austrian ambassador, whose wife was one of her most devoted friends, and formerly conspicuous, with the empress, Mme. de Pourtales, Mme. de Gal- lifet, and other brilliant women, among the most famous leaders of gay and fashionable entertain- ments. She received no tidings either from her minister Palikao or from her husband ; but Pie- tri, the prefect of police, in the afternoon of Sept. 3, warned her of the insecurity of her position, and his despatch was still on her table when a few hours after her departure the mob invaded her apartments. Metternich urged her to flee in the most pressing manner, and the Tuileries was in the greatest confusion when she left the palace after midnight,deserted by her attendants and accompanied by Metternich, the Italian minister Nigra, the countess Walewska, M. de Lesseps, and her aged secretary, Mme. Lebre- ton. Plainly attired, the empress was recog- nized only by a boy, whose exclamation passed unnoticed, and she entered a public carriage in a street near the imperial residence, at the same moment when a crowd of nearly 1,000 persons passed by her uttering violent outcries against the emperor. Eug6nie, the countess Walewska, Prince Metternich, and one of the latter's at- tached rapidly drove to the railway station, intending to proceed to England. After spend- ing a few days with the Hagvorst family near Brussels, the ex-empress proceeded to Ostend and Dover, and thence to Hastings, where she met her son, with whom she left for Torquay, and on Sept. 24 arrived at Chiselhurst. Napo- leon joined them in March, 1871, and she con- tinued to reside there after his death. Napoleon Eugene Lonis Jean Joseph, prince imperial, son of Napoleon III. and Eugenie, born in the Tuile- ries, March 16, 1856. He received a careful education, and accompanied his father to Metz on the outbreak of the Franco-German war, and thence to Saarbrilck, where, according to Na- poleon's despatch to Eugenie, he received his baptism of fire. As the military situation be- came critical, the emperor provided for the safety of his son by sending him in August to Belgium, and subsequently he joined his moth- er in England. He is a youth of delicate frame and winning manners, and bears a much great- er resemblance to his mother than to his father. BONAVENTURA, Saint (GIOVANNI DI FIDANZA), a cardinal and doctor of the Roman church, born at Bagnarea in Tuscany in 1221, died in Lyons, July 15, 1274. He entered the order of St. Francis in 1248, studied in the university of Paris, was appointed professor of theology there in 1253, and in 1256 elected general of his order. He reconciled the differences among the cardinals on the death of Clement IV., and they chose Gregory X. on his advice in 1271. That pope made him bishop of Albano in 1273 and cardinal in 1274. He died during the ses- sion of the second council of Lyons, to which he had been sent as papal legate, and his funeral was attended by the supreme pontiff, accompanied by a brilliant retinue of cardinals