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CAMBORNE CAMBRIDGE 641 ored to save them from violence, and opposed to the last the decree ordering their arrest. In 1794 he made a report on the administra- tion of finances, which gives a full sketch of the plan afterward adopted for the registration of public debt. In the revolution of the 9th Thermidor Oambon took part against Robes- pierre ; but he was charged with having been his accomplice, and a warrant was issued against him. He succeeded in baffling the search for him, and finally retired to a farm in the vicinity of Montpellier. On the second re- turn of the Bourbons he was not included in the bill of amnesty, and repaired to Brussels, where he spent his last years. AJIBOR.E, a market town and parish of Cornwall, England, 12 in. W. N. W. of Fal- mouth; pop. in 1871, 7,208. It is a neatly built modern town, and derives its importance mainly from its vicinity to very productive tin and copper mines. It has a handsome granite church, built in the later Gothic style, several dissenting chapels, and a free school. CAMBRil, or Cambray, a fortified city of France, department of Le Nord, on the right hank of the Scheldt, at the head of the canal of St. Quentin, 105 m. N. E. of Paris; pop. in 1866, 22,207. It was a place of importance when Csssar conquered the country, and from its old name, Camaracum, its present appella- tion was derived. The city is entered by four gates. The streets, though wide, are irregular. Many of the houses are very old, and have their gable end toward the street. The place d'armes is of great extent, and the espla- nade is one of the finest in French Flanders. The principal public buildings are the cathe- dral, which is modern, the old one having been destroyed during the revolution, the city hall, and the theatre. Cambrai has a communal college, a diocesan seminary, a library with 50,000 volumes, schools of design, sculpture, painting, and anatomy, and several charitable institutions. There is a monument to F6nelon, archbishop of Cambrai. It has been long cele- brated for its manufacture of fine linens and lawns, whence all similar fabrics are called cambrics, and which are still the most impor- tant branch of its industry. It also produces thread, cotton, stuffs of various kinds, soap, and beet sugar. Cambrai was one of the chief towns of the Nervii, and afterward the seat of a small Frankish kingdom, which was united by Clovis to his empire. During the middle ages it belonged to the counts of Flanders, and afterward came into the possession of the dukes of Burgundy, from whom it was trans- mitted to the house of Austria. It was forti- fied by Charlemagne, strengthened by Charles V., who erected the citadel, and its fortifica- tions were still further improved by Vauban. Here the famous league against Venice was concluded in 1508, and a peace between Fran- cis I. and Charles V. was negotiated in 1529 by Louise of Savoy and Margaret of Austria, known as la paix des dames. It was taken from the Spaniards by Louis XIV. in 1677, and confirmed to France by the treaty of Nime- guen. It was vainly besieged by the Austri- ans in 1793, and was captured by the English, June 24, 1815. CAMBRIA, a S. W. county of Pennsylvania, drained by affluents of the Susquehanna and Alleghany rivers; area, 670 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 36,569. It consists of an elevated table land with a broken surface. Bituminous coal and iron are abundant. It is crossed by the Pennsylvania Central railroad and the Ebens- burg branch. The chief productions in 1870 were 56,938 bushels of wheat, 47,385 of rye, 153,252 of Indian corn, 346,991 of oats, 89,- 368 of potatoes, 25,801 tons of hay, 428,273 Ibs. of butter, and 47,545 of wool. There were 4,519 horses, 6,537 milch cows, 6,142 other cattle, 16,389 sheep, and 7,486 swine. Capital, Ebensburg. CAMBRIAN SYSTEM, a group of fossiliferous rocks which underlies and is older than the Llandeiloor lowest Silurian strata, and rests im- mediately upon the abnormal masses of gneiss and other rocks which contain no organic re- mains. The name was applied by Prof. Sedg- wick, by whom the system was first described, on account of its extensive development in northern Wales, Cambria being the Latin name of that country. The characteristic rocks are gritstones, sandstones, clay slate, &e., contain- ing few organic remains; and in some locali- ties they appear metamorphosed into chloride and mica schists, and into gneiss. The oldest fossils of Europe have been found in this sys- tem, hut the oldest known organic remains were found in 1864 in the lower Laurentian system of Canada. CAMBRIDGE, a city, and one of the capi- tals of Middlesex co., Mass., a suburb of Bos- ton, lying W. of that city, and separated from it by the river Charles, which is nearly a mile wide. It embraces four divisions, known lo- cally as Old Cambridge, North Cambridge, Cambridgeport, and East Cambridge, in each of which there is a post office. The popula- tion has increased from 2,115 in 1790 to 15,- 215 in 1850, 26,060 in 1860, and 39,634 in 1870. Of the population in 1870, 27,579 were of na- tive and 12,055 of foreign birth ; 38,785 were white and 848 colored. There were 7,897 families, occupying 6,384 dwellings. The city covers an extensive area, generally level, and is laid out in broad streets and avenues, lined with elms and other shade trees. Conspicuous among these is the Washington elm, beneath which Washington assumed the command of the American army in 1775. The tree is prob- ably of the native forest growth, and is still vigorous. Many of the private residences are surrounded with highly cultivated grounds, lawns, flower gardens, and orchards. Many structures erected before the revolution are still Standing, among others the house used by Washington for his headquarters, now inhab- ited by the poet Longfellow. Cambridge is