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642 CAMBRIDGE chiefly noted as being the seat of Harvard university, the oldest and most richly en- dowed institution for instruction in America. (See HARVARD UNIVERSITY.) The college Washington Elm. grounds are in Old Cambridge, about 3 m. from Boston, and embrace about 14 acres, laid out with much taste, and shaded with elms of great size and age. Connected with the uni- versity are Agassiz's museum, a short distance IF. E. of the college; the botanical garden, about three fourths of a mile N. W. of the col- lege, and near it the observatory, containing one of the most valuable telescopes in the United States; also, the divinity school, near Longfellow's House. the museum, the Lawrence scientific school, and the Harvard law school. Memorial $iall, erected to the memory of the students who lost their lives in the civil war, is a large and hand- some building in the immediate vicinity of the ollege, and will be used for the meetings of the alumni. A granite monument has recently been erected by the city on the common near the college grounds in honor of the soldiers who fell in the civil war. The cemetery of Mount Auburn, noted as the burial place of many distinguished persons, is in Cambridge mid Watertown. It includes 125 acres of land covered with a vigorous growth of forest trees. The tract is undulating, with bold eminences and beautiful dells. The highest eminence is 125 ft. above the tide in the river Charles, which winds along at a short distance from its base. A round tower of hammered granite, with a lookout 70 ft. from the ground, has been erected upon its summit. The grounds are laid out with curved avenues adapted to the in- equalities of the surface. The walks are smooth- ly gravelled and bordered with ornamental shrubs and flowers. The burial lots contain about 300 sq. ft. each, and on many of them are monuments of rare workmanship and elaborate design. The entrance is through a gateway of granite, in the Egyptian style of architecture. Among the monuments is one to Spurzheim, the phrenologist, of Italian marble, and after the design of Scipio's tomb at Rome. The cemetery was dedicated in 1831. Cambridge is connected with Boston by two bridges, and with Charlestown, Brookline, and Brighton by separate bridges across Charles river. The Boston and Lowell and the Fitchburg railroads pass through East Cambridge, and several horse railroads connect the city' with Boston and the adjoining towns. The streets are lighted with gas, well supplied with sewers, and some of them are paved. There is little busi- ness activity in Old Cambridge and North Cam- bridge, the population consisting largely of per- sons engaged in business in Boston, of retired merchants, and especially of literary and scien- tific men, many of whom reside here. There are, however, an extensive bookbindery and several printing offices widely known for the excellence of their work. Among these are the Riverside press and the University print- ing office ; the latter is the oldest printing es- tablishment in the United States, having been founded in 1639. At Cambridgeport is a noted telescope manufactory, where the largest and best astronomical instruments in the United States have been made. The principal manu- facturing establishments of Cambridge are 4 of locomotives, steam engines, and boilers, 2 of glass, 3 of chemicals, 3 of brushes, 5 of carriages, 8 of marble and stone, 3 of sperm and tallow candles, 16 of soap, 1 of chairs and sofas, 6 of cabinet ware, 1 of gas, 5 of ice, 1 of diaries, 1 of army bedsteads, 2 bacon works, 3 iron founderies, 2 machine shops, 2 brick yards, 3 tanning and currying establishments, 6 printing establishments, 3 bookbinderies, 3 brass founderies, and a manufactory of gas, oil, and kerosene fixtures and lamps. In 1873 there were 6 national banks, with a capital of