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CARLETOJSF CARLISLE 791 CARLETON, Sir (iny, Lord Dorchester, a Brit- ish general, born at Strabane, Ireland, Sept. 3, 1724, died at Maidenhead, Nov. 10, 1808. He distinguished himself at the sieges of Louisburg, Quebec, and Belle Isle, and was wounded in 1762 at the siege of Havana. In 1772 he was made governor of Quebec. On the nomination of Burgoyne to the command, he threw up his commission, but was appointed the same year lieutenant general. He succeeded Sir Henry Clinton as commander-in-chief in the Ameri- can colonies in 1781, and was in command at the close of the revolutionary war. CARLETON, William, an Irish novelist, born at Clogher in 1798, died in Dublin, Jan. 30, 1869. A peasant's son, he had obtained only an ele- mentary education, when at the age of 17 he entered a boarding school at Glasslough, where he remained two years. He went to Dublin with only a few shillings in his pocket, and after struggling a number of years was brought into notice by his " Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry" (4 vols., 1830-'32). His "Fardorougha the Miser" appeared in 1839, and in 1841 he published three volumes of tales, mostly pathetic, but including the humorous sketch of " The Misfortunes of Barney Brana- gan." His other novels, several of which are of a political character and anti-English in tone, are: "Valentine McClutchy " (1845) ; "Rody the Rover" (1846); "The Black Prophet, a Tale of the Irish Famine " (1847) ; " The Tithe Proctor" (1849); "Willy Reilly" (1855); and "The Evil Eye" (1860). He received from the government a pension of 200. CARLI, or ( iirli-Kiihlii. Giovanni Rlnaldo, count, an Italian economist and antiquary, born at Capo d'Istria, April 11, 1720, died in Milan, Feb. 22, 1795. In 1744 he was appointed by the senate of Venice professor of astronomy and navigation in the university. While here he became involved in an acrimonious contro- versy with the abbe Tartarotti on the exist- ence of witches and magicians, which excited great attention throughout Italy, more than 20 writers taking part in it, most of them on the side of Tartarotti, and only four supporting Carli, who maintained the skeptical side, and denied that witches and witchcraft, magic and magicians, had ever any other than an im- aginary existence. After seven years he re- signed his professorship, and in 1765 Leopold of Tuscany placed him at the head of the board of public economy and public instruction. Some years before his death he was relieved from the active duties of these offices, although he retained the emoluments belonging to them. He wrote Delia spedizione degli Argonauti in Cote) (Venice, 1745) ; Dellemonete e delV Mi- tiizione delle zecche d? Italia (3 vols., Milan, 1750-'60); Lettere Americane (3 vols., Flor- ence, 1780-'81); Delle antichitd italiche (5 vols., Milan, 1788-'91) ; and Storia di Verona, sino al 1517 (7 vols., 1796). The collective edition of his works (18 vols., Milan, 1784-'94) does not contain the " American Letters." CARLI, Dionigi, an Italian missionary, born hi Reggio, died after 1680. He was sent in 1666 to Congo by the propaganda, with Michel An- gelo Guattini and "14 other Capuchin friars. After resisting for some time the severity of the climate, he was obliged to return to Eu- rope. He wrote an account of his travels, which was translated into French, English, and German. The English translation was published in Churchill's and Pinkerton's col- lections. CARUNO (Carlo Antonio Bertinazzl), an Italian pantomimist, born in Turin in 1713, died in Paris, Sept. 7, 1783. He entered the Sardinian army at an early age, but at the death of his father, who was an officer, he quitted the ser- vice, and taught fencing and dancing. His favorite occupation, however, was playing comedy with his pupils, and his success in it suggested the idea of making it a profession. The harlequin of the Bologna theatre having run away from his creditors, Bertinazzi took his place, and the public did not suspect the substitution until the fourth performance. In 1741 he was invited to Paris, where he per- formed with success. He had a remarkable faculty of dramatic improvisation. CARLISLE, a borough and the capital of Cum- berland co., Penn., on the Cumberland V alley and the South Mountain Iron company's rail- roads, 18 m. W. by S. of Harrisburg; pop. in 1870, 6,650. It is situated in the great lime- stone valley enclosed between the Kittatinny and South mountains. The surrounding coun- try is level, productive, and highly cultivated. The town is well built, with wide and spacious streets, a public square, on which stand the county buildings, and public edifices of a supe- rior order. Dickinson college, founded here in 1783, and now under the care of the Metho- dists, is one of the oldest and most flourishing institutions in the state. The town has 13 churches, 2 banks, 2 weekly newspapers, 2 machine shops, a car factory, and barracks for 2,000 men, built in 1777. Four miles north, in a valley of the Blue mountains, are Carlisle sulphur springs. During the whiskey insurrec- tion, in 1794, Gen. Washington had his head- quarters at Carlisle. It was shelled by the con- federates on the night of July 1, 1863. CARLISLE (anc. Luguvallio or Luguvallum), a city of England, and the shire town of Cum- berland county, 260 in. N. N. W. of London, and 50 m. W. S. W. of Newcastle; pop. in 1871, 31,074. It is situated on the river Eden, and is a handsome city. There are a custom house, a news room, a market, and a handsome railway station. A fine five-arch bridge has been built over the Eden. There are several institutions for benevolent purposes. The ca- thedral church is a structure of the middle ages, not remarkable for size or beauty. There are four other churches, several chapels, an endowed grammar school, British, national, and infant schools, two literary institutions, a mechanics' institute, a library, five banks, and