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792 CARLISLE CARLOS a savings bank. The castle was built by the Normans in 1092, and many parts of it are in excellent preservation. It is still used as a garrison fortress. The city is one of the oldest Entrance to the Castle. in England, and was a Roman station. Its proximity to the border made it important as a military station in the wars between the English and Scotch. In the civil war Car- lisle sided with the king, and it declared for the pretender in 1745. The inhabitants are prin- cipally employed in manufactories of cotton goods and ginghams, founderies, hat factories, and dye works. It is connected with the Sol- way frith by a canal which gives it a share of the coasting trade. It gives the title of earl to the Howard family, and is a bishop's see. The municipal government is administered -by a mayor, 10 aldermen, and 30 councillors. It returns two members to parliament, and is the centre of a poor-law union. CARLISLE, Sir Anthony, an English surgeon and physiologist, born near Durham in 1768, died in London, Nov. 2, 1840. He was surgeon of Westminster hospital for 47 years, and was knighted by George IV. He was the first to introduce the practice of holding public con- sultations in cases requiring operation; and also to substitute the straight-bladed amputa- ting knife for the crooked one of former days. His chief work is his " Essay on the Disorders of Old Age." CARLISLE. I. Frederick Howard, fifth earl of, an English statesman, born May 28, 1748, died at Castle Howard, Sept. 4, 1825. In the house of peers he first distinguished himself by his recommendation of conciliatory measures to- ward the American colonies. He was one of the three commissioners appointed in 1778 by George III. to visit America and endeavor to restore peace. From 1780 to 1782 he was vice- roy of Ireland, and afterward became lord privy seal. In 1791-'2 he opposed the policy of Pitt in resisting the aggressions of Catharine II. upon Turkey; in 1792 he abandoned his opposition to Pitt, and supported the war against the French republic. He was a warm advocate of the union with Ireland, and opposed the enact- ment of the corn laws' in 1815. He was the kinsman and guardian of Byron, who dedicated to him his "Hours of Idleness," lampooned him in the "English Bards and Scotch Re- viewers," and afterward made amends in the third canto of " Childe Harold." He published several pamphlets, and a volume entitled "The Tragedies and Poems of Frederick, Earl of Car- lisle " (1807), several of which had been sepa- rately published and well received. II. George William Frederick, seventh earl of, an English statesman, grandson of the preceding, born in London, April 18, 1802,.died at Castle Howard, Dec. 5, 1864. He succeeded to the earldom Oct. 7, 1848, previous to which time he was known as Lord Morpeth. He was for some time an attache of the British embassy at St. Petersburg. From 1833 to 1841 he sat in the house of commons for Morpeth, and from 1846 to 1848 for the West Riding of Yorkshire. Un- der the Melbourne ministry, 1835- '41, he was chief secretary for Ireland. In 1844 he travel- led in the United States. From 1846 to 1850 he was chief commissioner of woods and for- ests ; from 1850 to 1852, chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster ; from 1855 to 1858, and again from 1859 to 1864, lord lieutenant of Ire- land. He was the first nobleman to accede to the views of the anti-corn-law league. In 1856 he delivered at Leeds two public lectures on the life and writings of Pope and on the United States. In 1854 he published his "Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters;" and in 1858 "The Second Vision of Daniel." In 1870 a statue of him was erected in Phoenix park, Dublin. He never married, and was succeeded in the earldom by his brother, Lord William Howard, born Feb. 23, 1808, who had taken holy orders, and was rector of Londesborough, Yorkshire. CARLOS, Don. I. Crown prince of Spain, son of Philip II., born at Valladolid in 1545, died in prison at Madrid in July, 1568. He was sickly, and as he grew up was subject to vio- lent bursts of passion, which his father hoped would be subdued by the discipline of the uni- versity at Alcala. But as this proved of no avail, he was considered unfit for the throne, and in 1563 his cousins, the archdukes Ru- dolph and Ernest of Austria, were appointed in his stead presumptive heirs to the crown. When Alva was appointed in 1567 governor of Flanders, a post to which Don Carlos had aspired, the prince's exasperation led him to plan an assault upon his father, and to perpe- trate one upon his uncle Don Juan, in conse- quence of which he was put under arrest, Jan. 18, 1508, and subsequently transferred to the prison where he died. His death as well as his life gave rise to many conflicting rumors. It has been commonly believed until recently that he was put to death by order of his