Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/639

CIVITA DI PENNE CLAIBORNE 627 Tiber 5 m. below. The cathedral is inscribed with the date 1210. The citadel is built upon the isthmus which connects the town with the higher ground. The position is one of great military strength. It was the site of the an- cient Falerii or Falerium, the walls of which are still in a state of excellent preservation, and are the best specimen of lioman fortifica- tion extant. (See FALERII.) The French un- der Macdonald here achieved a victory over the Neapolitans under Mack, Dec. 4, 1798. CIVITl DI FEME (anc. Pinna Vestind), a town of Italy, in the province of Teramo, situated at the foot of the Apennines, 14 m. W. of Pescara ; pop. about 5,000. It was the chief city of the Vestini, and distinguished for the constancy with which it remained faithful to ' Eome, and resisted the overtures of the Italian allies in the social war. CIVIXI VECCHIA, a seaport town of Italy, on the Mediterranean, in the province and 37 in. N. "W. of Rome, with which it is connected by railway; pop. about 10,000. The harbor consists of two marble piers fronted by a break- water. The water is from 14 to 18 ft. in depth. Upon the breakwater are a lighthouse, a quarantine, docks, and a prison capable of containing 1,200 persons. The town is well built, and contains several fine churches, some monuments, and a small gallery of Etruscan antiquities. It is supplied with water by a re- markable aqueduct, constructed upon the foun- dations of one built by Trajan. It is the best port of central Italy on the Mediterranean, and is a stopping place for lines of steamers between Marseilles, Naples, Malta, and the Levant. Travellers going to Rome generally land here. It was founded by Trajan, who constructed its port, which was called Portus Trajaui, and was one of his most remarkable works. It was destroyed by the Saracens early in the 9th century, but was rebuilt by Pope Leo IV. The fortress was commenced under Julius II., after designs by Michel Angelo, and completed under Paul III. The moles, quays, and fortifi- cations were built upon the ancient foundations. Clement XII. made it a free port. Its privileges were taken away in 1850, but restored in 1855. Vecchia. CLACKJHAMANSHIRE, an E. and the smallest county of Scotland, bounded S. and S. W. by the river Forth ; area, 46 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 23,742. Its N. part is occupied by the Ochil hills, between which and the rich allu- vial valley of the Forth the surface is some- what diversified, though its general aspect is level. The Devon and the Black Devon, also' called the North and South Devon, are the only considerable streams. Agriculture is in a very flourishing state. Coal is largely pro- duced, and there are many other minerals. The chief manufactures are of woollen shawls, plaids, and blankets. There are several large breweries and distilleries, glass works, brick works, potteries, and a number of iron works. Alloa and Clackmannan, the county seat, are the principal towns. Communication is af- forded by the Scottish Central, the Edinburgh and Glasgow, and the Stirling and Dunferm- line railways. CLAIBORNE. I. A S. W. county of Missis- sippi ; area, 740 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 13,386, of whom 9,996 were colored. The Mississippi river on the west separates it from Louisiana, and the Big Black river touches its N. "W. bor- der. The surface is uneven, but the soil is generally fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 179,187 bushels of Indian corn, 10,- 206 of Irish and 18,330 of sweet potatoes, 193 tons of hay, and 14,776 bales of cotton. There were 2,006 horses, 2,048 mules and asses, 3,450 milch cows, 7,205 other cattle, 2,261 sheep, and 8,884 swine. Capital, Port Gibson. II. A N. W. parish of Louisiana, bordering on Ar- kansas, drained by the branches of Bayou d' Ar- bonne; area, about 1,200 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 20,240, of whom 10,608 were colored. The surface is undulating, and partly covered with pine and other timber. The soil is good, though not of remarkable fertility. The chief productions in 1870 were 5,961 bushels of wheat, 475,374 of Indian corn, 95,914 of sweet potatoes, 15,389 Ibs. of wool, and 14,900 bales of cotton. There were 1,863 horses, 2,226 mules and asses, 4,144 milch cows, 8,012 other cattle, 8,195 sheep, and 26,952 swine. There were 4 grist mills, 6 saw mills, one cotton and one woollen factory. Capital, Homer. Ill* A N. E. county of Tennessee, intersected by Powell's river, and bordering on Kentucky, touching Virginia on the N. E. corner, and