Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume V.djvu/121

COLUMBIA 117 Bayou Dorcheat ; area, about 950 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 11,397, of whom 3,718 were colored. In 1871 a portion was taken to form Nevada co. The surface is level, and the soil fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 3,149 bushels of wheat, 245,388 of Indian corn, 48,- 024 of sweet potatoes, and 5,565 bales of cot- ton. There were 1,042 horses, 944 mules and asses, 2,217 milch cows, 3,889 other cattle, 5,472 sheep, and 13,652 swine. Capital, Mag- nolia. VI. A S. county of "Wisconsin, inter- sected by the Wisconsin and Neenah rivers ; urea, 751 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 28,802. The surface is rolling or hilly, and the soil rich. The "Wisconsin is navigable by steamboats to Winnebago Portage, whence a canal connects it with the Neenah, 1 m. distant. The Mil- waukee and St. Paul railroad crosses the county. The chief productions in 1870 were 1,517,332 bushels of wheat, 40,844 of rye, 528,- 541 of Indian corn, 678,907 of oats, 51,745 of barley, 202,068 of potatoes, 44,184 tons of hay, 706,516 Ibs. of butter, 168,255 of wool, and 230,762 of hops. There were 9,758 horses, 9,659 milch cows, 10,628 other cattle, 40,413 sheep, and 11,743 swine; 3 manufactories of boots and shoes, 13 of carriages and wagons, 2 of bricks, 8 of saddlery and harness, 4 flour mills, 6 breweries, 2 planing mills, 2 saw mills, and 2 leather-currying establishments. Capi- tal, Portage City. VII. A N. W. county of Oregon, bounded N. and E. by the Columbia river, separating it from Washington territory, and watered by the Klaskanine ; area, 470 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 863. The W. border is mountainous. Coal and iron are found; the soil is good. The chief productions in 1870 were 1,619 bushels of wheat, 1,169 of Indian corn, 2,260 of oats, 10,337 of potatoes, and 1,850 tons of hay. There were 307 horses, 724 milch cows, 1,303 other cattle, 1,602 sheep, and 1,206 swine. Capital, St. Helens. COLUMBIA, a city of Lancaster co., Penn., situated on the Susquehanna river, at the ter- minus of the Philadelphia and Columbia rail- road, and of the eastern division of the state canal; pop. in 1870, 6,461. The Columbia branch railroad connects it with Harrisburg, and another with York and Baltimore. It is the principal depot of the lumber which is rafted down the Susquehanna. There are two weekly newspapers and several churches. COLUMBIA, a city, capital of South Carolina, and seat of justice of Richland county, situated on the E. bank of the Congaree, just below the falls, and at the confluence of the Broad and Saluda rivers, 100 m. K W. of Charleston ; pop. in 1860, 8,052 ; in 1870, 9,288, of whom 5,295 were colored. The Congaree is naviga- ble to this point, and there is ample communi- cation with the surrounding country by means of the South Carolina, the Greenville and Co- lumbia, the Charlotte, Columbia, and Augusta, and the Wilmington, Columbia, and Augusta railroads. There is an iron bridge over the Congaree, immediately opposite the city, con- necting the counties of Richland and Lexing- ton, recently rebuilt at a cost of $40,000 ; while the approach on the north and west is aided by the Broad river bridge, 1,054 ft. long. Colum- bia occupies a plain some 200 ft. above the bed of the river, and before the civil war was one of the handsomest places in the south ; it was laid out in regular squares, well built, with streets 100 ft. wide, and covered an extent each way of more than 2 m. The view from Arsenal hill is very beautiful. Sydney park contains about 25 acres of ground handsomely laid out in plots, and adorned with trees and shrubbery. The streets are abundantly shaded, and there are many splendid drives in the vicinity. The fair grounds of the South Caro- lina agricultural and mechanical society, in the N. W. suburbs, are well supplied with foun- tains and fish ponds, and contain about 30 acres. A race course is attached to them, and large fields for the exhibition of agricultural implements. The principal building is 175 ft. long and 135 deep, with an amphitheatre in front capable of seating 3,000 persons. The new state house, of granite, occupies an emi- nence in the centre of the city. Though un- finished, it has been covered with a tempo- rary roof, and is now occupied. It has cost upward of $3,000,000, and about $1,000,000 will be required to complete it. The executive mansion has grounds laid out hi walks, gardens, and drives, and commands a full view of the Congaree valley. The new city hall, in process of construction, will be of brick, three stories high, with a Mansard roof, and a tower at each end ; besides the city offices, it will contain an opera house capable of seating 1,500 persons. The United States court house and post office, also in process of construction, will be of gran- ite, three stories high, with a Mansard roof, and a tower. . The market house, near the cen- tre of the city, is a one-story brick building, about 150 ft. long, well ventilated and con- veniently arranged. The gas works occupy an acre of ground, and consume annually about 800 barrels of rosin and 500 cords of wood. The gas produced gives a steady and brilliant light. The water power is extensive. Canals were early constructed around the falls, to im- prove the navigation of the river, which were sold by the state in 1868 to Senator Sprague of Rhode Island. The principal manufacturing establishments are 4 iron works, which pro- duce steam engines, machinery, cotton presses, iron railings and building fronts, bells, and iron and brass castings; an oil factory, pro- ducing and refining about 3,000 gallons of cot- ton-seed oil per week ; 2 manufactories of sashes, doors, and blinds; 1 of brooms, 1 of blank books, and a brewery. The car shops of the Charlotte, Columbia, and Augusta rail- road occupy four acres of ground, and furnish locomotives, cars, and machinery for the use of the road. In the vicinity of Columbia are forests of yellow pine, oak, walnut, maple, poplar, fec., furnishing material for 15 or 20