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118 COLUMBIA COLUMBIA COLLEGE saw mills, which produce about 5,000 ft. of lumber a day. The high bluffs of the river supply material for good bricks, and two com- panies are engaged in the manufacture. Ex- cellent granite exists within the city limits, and is used in the construction of the public buildings. There are three national banks, with a capital of $500,000 ; a bank and trust company, capital $200,000; and two savings banks, with $644,000 capital. The South Carolina penitentiary, begun in 1867, occupies a plot of 20 acres, at the junction of the Broad and Saluda rivers, within the city limits. It is to be five stories high, with two wings, each containing 250 cells. Each cell is 5 ft. wide, 8 ft. long, and 7 ft. high. The number of prisoners, Oct. 31, 1872, was 224, of whom 10 were females; 90 per cent, were colored. They are employed in the garden, carpenter, blacksmith, and shoe shops, marble works, weaving rooms, and broom factory attached to the institution, and in quarrying the granite for the building, as well as in its erection. The lu- natic asylum, situated in the N. E. part of the city, occupies two principal buildings. That for the use of female patients is four stories high, and consists of two wings, with a centre build- ing rising above them, crowned by a cupola. It can accommodate more than 100 patients. The building occupied by the men is about 300 yards from the other, and has capacity for 120 pa- tients. An additional wing 100 ft. long, 40 ft. wide, and 4 stories high, is in process of construction. There are also smaller buildings for the colored patients. The asylum in 1871 contained 285 inmates; of whom 90 were white males, 45 colored males, 115 white fe- males, and 35 colored females. It is a well appointed institution, supported principally by the state. The grounds, 4 acres in extent, are surrounded by an enclosure, and beautified with gardens, hothouses, and walks. The uni- versity of South Carolina, founded in 1804, has an observatory connected with it. The grounds are about 12 acres in extent, and the buildings are substantially constructed of brick. In 1871 it had 14 instructors, 70 students, and a library of 27,000 volumes. The Presbyterian theological seminary, founded in 1831, had 7 professors, 41 students, an endowment of $145,- 715, and a library of 18,340 volumes.; the Lu- theran theological seminary, founded in 1859, had 2 professors, an endowment of $29,000, and a library of 4,000 volumes. The Columbia male academy, founded in 1785, is in a flour- ishing condition. The Ursuline convent at Valle Crucis, 2 m. from Columbia, has 20 in- mates, who conduct a female seminary, and also have under their charge a day school in the city. The public school system is in its infancy, and is hampered by lack of funds ; but in 1871 there were 10 free schools, with 32 teachers and 1,029 pupils. The state library contains about 3,000 volumes. There are 2 daily, 1 tri-weekly, and 7 weekly newspapers, and a monthly and a quarterly periodical. There are 10 or 15 churches, several of which are for colored people. The denominations represented are the Baptist, Episcopal, Lu- theran, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic. Columbia became the capital of the state in 1790, under an act of the legislature of March 22, 1786, which provided for the found- ing of the city. Toward the close of the civil war it was entered by the forces under Gen. Sherman, Feb. 17, 1865. Shortly before a large amount of cotton had been taken from the warehouses and piled in the streets, preparatory to removing it outside the city and burning it, to prevent its falling into the hands of the Unionists. This not having been effected, however, on the evacuation of the city by the confederate troops under Gen. Wade Hampton, the cotton was set on fire as it lay, whether by accident or design is unknown. Under the influence of a high wind, the flames spread rapidly, and 84 of the 124 blocks of the city, containing over 500 buildings and embracing the entire business quarter, were burned. The old state house, containing the legislative library of 25,000 volumes, five churches, the Ursuline convent, and the rail- road depots were consumed. The city has been rapidly rebuilt, and is increasing in population. COLUMBIA, the capital of Maury co., Tennes- see, on the left bank of Duck river, 38 m. S. by W. of Nashville; pop. in 1870, 2,550, of whom 1,108 were colored. The surrounding country is fertile and productive. It is the seat of Jackson college, a female athenaeum, female institute, and conference college. A weekl newspaper is published here. There are tw banks, with $200,000 capital. Columbia was the residence of President Polk previous to hi election. It was at one time the capital of th state. The Nashville and Decatur railr passes through it. COLUMBIA, a village, capital of Boone co Missouri, 115 m. W. N. W. of St. Louis; po[ in 1870, 2,236, of whom 798 were colored. ] is situated in a populous and fertile region, and is the seat of the state university. The uni- versity building is a large and elegant struc- ture, erected at the expense of the citizens of the county. In 1871 it had 12 instructors, 217 students, of whom 40 were females and 118 were in the preparatory department, and a li- brary of 5,000 volumes. There are two weekly newspapers. A branch of the North Missouri railroad terminates here. COLUMBIA, British. See BRITISH COLUMBIA. COLUMBIA, District of. See DISTEICT OF CO- LUMBIA. COLUMBIA COLLEGE, a seat of learning in the city of New York, originally called King's col lege. The institution comprises an academi department, law school, medical school, an school of mines. The government of the col lege proper is vested in 24 trustees. Besid the president, there are 9 professors and 2 tu tors. The professorships are : 1, Greek lan- guage and literature ; 2, German language and I