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282 DUBNER 609. The city sends two members to parlia- ment, and Trinity college two. Dublin claims a high antiquity. Curious Celtic remains were found in 1856 within the town walls of ancient Dublin. It is the Eblana of Ptolemy ; Irish Dubh-linn (black pool); Danish Dyflin and Dyvelin. About the middle of the 9th century it was taken by the Danes. The records of the next three centuries are little else than a succession of bloody battles. In 1170 it was taken by the English under Strongbow, who died and is buried there. In 1205 the castle was. built ; in 1190, 1283, 1301, and 1304, the city was burned ; in 1405 the citizens made a descent on Wales for Henry IV. Du- ring the first half of the 16th century it was troubled by the Kildare family, one of whom, Lord Thomas Fitzgerald, among other exploits, murdered the archbishop. During Richard Cromwell's feeble protectorate the city was seized by the cavaliers, recovered by the par- liamentarians, and again captured by the par- tisans of the king. In 1798 a conspiracy to seize the city and castle was frustrated by the arrest of Lord Edward Fitzgerald and others. In 1803 occurred Emmet's insurrection. DUBNER, Friedrieh, a German philologist, born at Horselgau, near Gotha, Dec. 21, 1802, died Oct. 13, 1867. In 1826 he was appointed professor in the gymnasium at Gotha, and du- ring the five years that he held this post pub- lished philological articles in the periodicals, and especially became known by his edition of Justin. His principal studies were upon the ancient comic authors, and he resigned his professorship in order to visit Italy and col- late the original manuscripts. At this time Didot invited him to Paris to assist in prepar- ing a new edition of Stephens's Thesaurus, a call which the valuable manuscripts contained in the Parisian libraries induced him to accept. He was employed on the Bibliotheca Grceca which Didot had undertaken, and contributed the critical editions of the Moralia of Plu- tarch, of Arrian, Maximus Tyrius, and Hime- rius, and the scholia to Aristophanes and Theo- critus. He also took part in preparing the Pa- risian editions of St. Augustine and St. Chry- sostom. In 1855 he published an elementary Greek grammar, and in 1860 a French-Greek lexicon, besides some works on education. DUBNO, a town of European Russia, in the government of Volhynia, on the Ikva, 36 m. N. E. of Brody; pop. in 1867, 7,628. It has narrow, crooked, and unpaved streets, and be- longs to the princes Lubormirski, whose resi- dence is here. The town contains several Greek and Roman Catholic churches, a Greek abbey, and a grammar school. Its trade is chiefly in grain, flax, tobacco, cattle, and fish. DIBOIS, a S. W. county of Indiana, bounded N. by the E. fork of White river, and inter- sected by Patoka creek; area, 420 sq. m. pop. in 1870, 12,597. It has a slightly diversi- ned surface, and is covered with thick forests- the soil is good, and coal is abundant. The DUBOIS chief productions in 1870 were 120,636 bush- els of wheat, 373,817 of Indian corn, 110,868 of oats, 24,796 of potatoes, 45,738 Ibs. of but- ter, 34,738 of wool, and 358,948 of tobacco. There were 3,428 horses, 3,061 milch cows, 6,081 other cattle, 12,730 sheep, and 21,782 swine ; 2 breweries, 2 saw mills, and 3 manu- factories of carriages. Capital, Jasper. DUBOIS. I. Antpine, baron, a French surgeon, born at Gramat in 1756, died in Paris, March 30, 1837. He went to Paris at the age of 20 and attended the philosophical course at the Mazarin college, supporting himself meanwhile by giving lessons in writing and by copying for lawyers. He then studied medicine under De- sault, who made him his assistant. He ad- vanced rapidly, and in 1790 became a professor in the royal college of surgery, a position in which, although he published no works, he acquired a reputation all over Europe. Bona- parte selected him as one of the corps of sa- vants who accompanied him to Egypt, and in 1811 intrusted him with the accouchement of the empress Marie Louise, a service which he performed with so much skill that both mother and child probably owed their lives to him. Under the consulate and empire he was also made surgeon-in-chief of a newly established hospital, still known as the hospital Dubois, and professor of obstetrics in the maternity hos- pital, besides receiving the title of baron. He devised new processes in many operations, and invented and perfected a great number of in- struments, among others the forceps which bears his name. His publications were confined to articles contributed to periodicals, mostly to the Dictionnaire des sciences medicales. II. Paul Antoiue, a French obstetrician, son of the preceding, born in Paris, Dec. 7, 1795, died there in December, 1871. In 1823 he succeed- ed his father at the maternity hospital, and in 1830 was appointed professor of obstetrics in the faculty of medicine, and soon became dis- tinguished for his skill in diagnosis, his clear and eloquent manner of lecturing, and a pecu- liar facility for imparting knowledge. His lec- tures and cliniques were widely known and very fully attended. He became dean of the faculty in 1852, and in 1863 he was compelled to retire from active occupation, owing to a failure of memory, the first symptom of a men- tal disorder which became confirmed, and con- tinued during the remainder of his life. His writings consisted entirely of contributions to medical journals. DUBOIS, Gnillanme, a French cardinal and statesman, born in Brive-la-Gaillarde, Limou- sin, Sept. 6, 1656, died in Versailles, Aug. 10, 1723. He was the son of an apothecary, went at an early age to Paris, studied in one of the colleges, and became a private teacher, and eventually tutor to the duke de Chartres, after- ward duke of Orleans. He flattered his young pupil, persuaded him to marry Mile, de Blois, a natural but legitimized daughter of Louis XIV., and was rewarded with a rich abbey in