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300 DU FRESNE 1810, and was followed by a great variety of papers on mineralogy and geology, which gained liini ;i high reputation. His explora- tions in southern France and in the Pyre- B6M k-il him to develop "the theory of meta- raorphism. He explored the vicinity of Na- ples, and in his essay entitled Des terrains vol- caniques des environs de Naples he maintains that Herculaneum and Pompeii were destroy- ed by a landslide from Vesuvius. With Elie de Beaumont he explored between 1823 and 1836 various parts of France, England, and northern Spain, the principal result of which was the great geological map of France, with 3 vols. of text, published in 1841. Another product of their common labors was the Voyage metal- lurgique en Angleterre (2 vols. 8vo, 1827; en- larged ed., 1837-'9). (See ELIE DE BEAUMONT.) He was one of the most active members of the academy of miners, director of the school of mines, and professor of mineralogy and geol- ogy. He introduced a new classification of minerals based upon crystallography, promoted in various other ways the study of mineralogy and meteorology, and published a Traite de mineralogie (2d ed., enlarged, 4 vols. 8vo and 1 vol. of plates, Paris, 1856-'9). DU FRESNE, Charles. See Du CANGE. DUFRESNOY, Charles Alphonse, a French paint- er and poet, born in Paris in 1611, died at Villiers-le-Bel, near Paris, in 1665. His pic- tures are correct, but not otherwise remark- able, and he is now chiefly remembered as the author of a Latin poem entitled De Arte Gra- phica, which has been translated into French by Roger de Piles, and by several since him, and three times into English, viz. : into prose by Dryden (4to, London, 1695) and by Wills (4to, 1754), and into verse by William Mason, with notes by Sir Joshua Reynolds (4to, York, 1783). MFRESNY, Charles Riviere, a French drama- tist, born in Paris in 1648, died there, Oct. 6, 1724. He was descended from Henry IV. by one of the mistresses of that monarch, known as la ~belle jardiniere. He enjoyed the favor of Louis XI V., wrote some excellent comedies, and had great skill as a landscape gardener. Among his most successful comedies are V es- prit, de contradiction. La coquette de milage, find Le faux sincere. His Poesies diverses are also praised. A selection of his works was published at Paris in 2 vols. in 1810. DUGDALE, Sir William, an English antiquary, born in Shustoke, Warwickshire, Sept. 12, 1605, died there, Feb. 10, 1686. He was educated partly in the free school of Coventry, partly by his father, was made pursuivant at arms extra- ordinary under the title of Blanch Lyon in 1638, became garter principal king at arms in 1677, and was knighted. In 1641 exact drafts of all the monuments in Westminster abbey and in many of the churches of England, with copies of their inscriptions, were made under his superintendence and deposited in Sir Chris- topher llatton's library. With Roger Dods- DUGONG worth he projected the publication of the char- ters and descriptions of all the monasteries of the kingdom ; and he collected from the Bod- leian and other Oxford libraries, from the tower records, the Cottonian library, and the papers of Andre Duchesne, materials for the work, the first volume of which, in Latin, was published in London in 1655, tinder the title of Monasticon Anglicanum ; vols. ii. and iii. were issued in 1661 and 1673; a new enlarged and illustrated edition, in 6 vols. crown 'folio, was published in 1817-'30. This edition was re- printed at London in 8 vols. fol. in 1846. Sev- eral abridgments of the work have been made in English. Among Dugdale's other contribu- tions to history are the "Antiquities of War- wickshire" (fol., 1656), one of the best works of the kind ever published ; " History of St. Paul's Cathedral " (fol., 1658) ; " History of Im- banking and Drayning of divers Fenns and Marshes" (fol., 1662); " Origines Juridicales, or Historical Memoirs of the English Laws, Courts of Justice, Forms of Trial, Punishment in Cases Criminal, Law Writers," &c. (1666); " The Baronage of England, or an Historical Account of the Lives and most memorable Actions of our English Nobility " (3 vols. fol., 1675-'6) ; ".A Short View of the late Troubles in England" (Oxford, 1681); "Ancient Usage in bearing of such Ensigns of Honor as are commonly called Arms " (Oxford, 1681); "A Perfect Copy of all Summons of the Nobil- ity to the Great Councils and Parliaments of this Realme, from the XLIX. of Henry the Hid. until these present Times " (London, 1685). Dugdale also completed the 2d volume of Sir Henry Spelman's Concilia. His " Life, Diary, and Correspondence," with an index to his MS. collections, many of which are preserved in the Ashmolean museum at Oxford, was pub- lished at London in 1827 by William Hamper. DUGONG, a. herbivorous cetacean, of the ge- nus dugungus (Lacepede) or Jialicore (Illiger), the only genus of its family, and the only un- disputed species of the genus ; the Malay name is duyong, and the scientific Jialicore Indicus (Desm.) or H. dugung (F. Cuvier). The gen- eral shape is fish-like; the head is small in proportion to the body, and separated from it by a slight cervical depression; there is no dorsal tin, and the horizontal tail is crescent- shaped ; there are no posterior limbs, but the anterior are like cetacean paddles without any trace of nails or division into fingers. The upper lip is very larfe, thick, obliquely trunca- ted, forming a blunt snout such as would be made by cutting off an elephant's trunk near the mouth ; the anterior portion is covered with soft papilla, with a few stiff bristles ; the lips have a corneous edging which assists it in tearing sea weeds from the bottom. In the old animal the incisors are two above and none below, large, but nearly covered by the tumid and movable lip ; in the young, the upper per- manent incisors are preceded by two deciduous ones, and there are six or eight lower incisors