Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/783

ETYMOLOGY unsuccessful. In 1811 one of his pictures was admitted to the academy's exhibition ; and in 1821 his "Cleopatra's Arrival at Cilicia," in which the nude female form was depicted with great correctness, and with a voluptuous glow of color, brought him into considerable notice. In 1822 he went to Italy, and spent many months in the study of the Venetian colorists. In 1848 an exhibition of his works was opened in London, prominent among which were the nine great paintings which he considered the triumphs of his artistic career, and in which he says he aimed " to paint some great moral on the heart." They comprise " The Com- bat," the three "Judith" pictures, " Benaiah, David's Chief Captain," "Ulysses and the Si- rens," and the three pictures of "Joan of Arc." Etty is considered one of the chief ar- tists of the modern English school. He wrote an autobiography, which was published in the Art Journal " for 1849 ; and his life has been written by A. Gilcbrist (2 vols. 8vo, 1855). ETYMOLOGY. See LANGUAGE. EU, a town of France, in the department of Seine-Inferieure, on the Bresle, about 2 m. from its mouth in the English channel and 17 m. E. K. E. of Dieppe ; pop. in 1866, 4,168. It has a fine Gothic church, with a famous subterranean chapel, and manufactures of lace, serges, and soap. The chateau d'Eu, in the neighborhood, was one of the favorite castles of Louis Philippe, and it now (1874) belongs to the count de Paris. EU, Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston d'Or- leans, count d', a Brazilian general, born at Neuilly, April 28, 1842. He is the elder son of the duke de Nemours, and grandson of King Louis Philippe, and married in 1864 the prin- cess Isabella of Brazil, heir apparent to the throne. He holds the rank of marshal in the Brazilian army. In 1869 he was commander- in-chief of the allied forces in the war against Paraguay, and achieved signal victories which impelled the retreat of Lopez in September, and led to his overthrow and death early in 1870. Previous to leaving Paraguay he pro- claimed the abolition of slavery, and a number of slaves were emancipated in Brazil in 1870 in honor of his services. El'BCEA (Ital. Negroponte ; Turk, figripo), an island of Greece, the largest of the archi- pelago, lying in the ^Egean sea, between lat. 37 57' and 39 3' K, and Ion. 22 48' and 24 35' E. ; area, about 1,400 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 82,541. It is separated from the coasts of At- tica, Boeotia, Locris, and Phocis by a channel called Talanti in its northern part, Egripo in its southern, and about midway, where the coasts are only about 200 ft. apart, the strait of Eu- ripus. At this point it is connected with the mainland by a bridge. On the north the chan- nel of Trikeri separates it from the coast of Thessaly, and on the south the channel of Doro from the island of Andros. Euboea is long and narrow, being about 100 m. in length, and varying from 6 to 30 m. in breadth. The E. 305 VOL. vi. 49 EUBULIDES 767 coast is rocky, irregular, and destitute of har- bors. The rocks, which rise almost precipi- tously from the water, are seldom interrupted by open places, excepting at the N. end. The W. coast has several good harbors. A range of mountains runs through the entire length of the island, culminating in the peak of Del- phi, near the middle of the chain, which is 5,730 ft. high. Mt. Kandili, on the W. coast is 3,967 ft. high; St. Elias, at the S. E. end, 4,840 ft. These peaks are mostly barren. In some parts the mountains are clothed with luxuriant woods, chiefly pines, oaks, and ilexes, with an undergrowth of flowering shrubs, among which are the arbutus, cys- tus, and oleander. The slopes, which furnish abundant pasturage, are dotted with magnifi- cent trees, and resemble the most beautiful parks in their scenery. There are no rivers, and no streams large enough to admit a boat, but the soil is exuberantly rich and productive. In the north the vine grows luxuriantly, and a red wine of good quality is made in consider- able quantities. In the south corn and oil are the principal crops. Fruits also grow in abun- dance. A number of English and French pro- prietors, who have settled in the island, have given a favorable impulse to agriculture and done much for the advancement of the people. The principal exports are grain, wine, oil, honey, cheese, cotton, wool, and hides. The early history of Euboea is involved in obscurity. In historical times it was inhabited by Ionic Greeks, and was divided between six or seven independent cities, of which Chalcis and Ere- tria were the most important. They had an extensive commerce, and founded colonies in Macedonia, Italy, Sicily, and the islands of the JEgean. After the Persian war the whole island became subject to the Athenians, who regarded it as the most valuable of their foreign possessions, as it furnished them with corn, timber, and firewood, and with pasture for their horses and cattle. After the battle of Cherongea (338 B. C.) it formed a part of the Macedonian dominions until after the battle of Cynoscephalse (197), when its cities formed al- liances with the Komans and recovered their independence ; but the island was soon incor- porated with the Kbman province of Achaia. On the dismemberment of the Byzantine em- pire it fell to the Venetians, from whom it was wrested in 1470 by the Turks, who held it until the Greek insurrection of 1821. It now forms, with the islands of Skyro, Scopelo, Skiatho, and some others, the nomarchy of Euboea; area, 1,573 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 82,541. EUBULIDES OF MILETUS, a Greek philosopher, the best known disciple of Euclid of Megara, flourished about the middle of the 4th century B. C. His life was a struggle against Aristotle, in which by a captious logic he sought to pre- vail against good sense. A partisan^ of the Megaric principle, that there is nothing real but what is always one, simple, and identical, he immediately found an adversary in the