Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/106

98 FAYAKT FAVRE I860). Their son, CHAELES NICOLAS JOSEPH JUSTIN (1749-1800), became also an actor and playwright. FAVART, Pierrette Ignacc, popularly known as Marie Favart, a French actress, born at Beaune, Feb. 16, 1833. Her family name was Pinigaud, but she assumed the name of M. Favart, who adopted her as a daughter. She was educated at the conservatory, and be- came a most popular actress and a member of the Theatre Francais. She belongs to the classical school, and is singularly elegant and impressive in her appearance and most ex- quisite in her elocution. She was greatly admired in 1864 as Esther, and among her most brilliant impersonations is Dofia Sol in Hernani. FAVERSHAM, or FeTersham, a market town, borough, and parish of Kent, England, and a member of the cinque port of Dover, on a branch of the Swale, 45 m. E. S. E. of London ; pop. in 1871, 7,189. It contains a handsome church, several chapels, schools, and assembly rooms, a theatre, and the remains of an ab- bey founded by King Stephen. The town has long been famous for the manufacture of gun- powder, and has also some factories of Roman cement. Its chief trade is in oysters. It is ac- cessible to vessels of 150 tons. FAVIGNANA (anc. ^Egusa or ^Etliusa, an im- portant Roman naval station), an island of the ^Egades group in the Mediterranean, 8 m. from the K W. coast of Sicily; pop. 4,000. It is about 5 m. long and from 2 to 3 m. broad. The surface is low, with the exception of a range of hills running through the centre, on the cul- minating summit of which is the castle of San- ta Catarina. There is a good harbor on the E. side, on which stand the town and fortress of San Leonardo. San Giacomo, the principal place, is on the N. coast. The island produces good wine and fruits, and has several quarries and extensive tunny and anchovy fisheries, in the produce of which, and in sheep, goats, poultry, &c., it has a flourishing export trade. FAVOSITES, a family of fossil corals belong- ing to the hydroid acalephs. Their cells are divided by horizontal partitions, like those of the millepores, which, according to Agassiz, are true acalephs; but the species are so polyp- like that until recently they were classed with the polyps. According to Dana, they are a com- prehensive type, inter- mediate between the polyps and the higher acalephs, and having some 9f the characters of both. They are all palaeo- zoic, especially Devonian and upper Silurian. FAVRAS, Thomas Mahi, marquis de, a French conspirator, born in Blois in 1745, hanged in Paris, Feb. 19, 1790. Having entered the army and served in several campaigns, he was made Favosites Niagariensis. first lieutenant in the Swiss guards of the count de Provence (afterward Louis XVIII.), and in 1787 commanded a legion in Holland during the insurrection against the stadth older. In December, 1789, he was apprehended as the ringleader of a plot to introduce an army of 30,000 men, Swiss and Germans, into Paris by night, which was to murder Bailly, Lafayette, and Decker, and to carry off the royal family and the seals of state to P6ronne. He was supposed to be a secret agent of the highest personages, and suspicion was directed to the count de Provence, who exculpated himself by a speech at the h6tel de ville. Favras was sum- moned before the Chatelet, where he defended himself with great calmness. His witnesses were refused a hearing, and the whole trial was conducted in the most irregular manner. The populace shouted "Favras to the lamp post," and he was condemned to be hanged. He met his fate with unshaken fortitude. When told that no revelations would save his own life, he answered, " Then my secret shall die with me." His execution took place at night, by the light of torches, amid the jests of the crowd. FAVRE, Jnles Claude Gabriel, a French states- man and advocate, born in Lyons, March 21, 1809. His ancestors came from Piedmont, and his father was a merchant. He studied law in Paris, early acquired eminence by de- fending (1834-'5) persons implicated in social- istic and revolutionary proceedings, and after the revolution of Feb. 24, 1848, was succes- sively chief secretary in the ministry of the interior, member of the constituent assembly, and under secretary for foreign affairs. Elected to the legislative assembly, he was one of the leaders of the opposition during the presi- dency of Louis Napoleon, and after the coup d'etat of Dec. 2, 1851, declined to recognize the new constitution. Defeated as a candidate for the corps legislatif in Lyons in 1857, he was returned in 1858 by a district of Paris, and won additional fame by his brilliant though un- availing defence of Orsini, who had attempted to assassinate the emperor. He was the most eloquent of the five so-called irreconcilable op- ponents of the second empire. Being chosen in 1863 as representative both in Paris and Lyons, he took his seat for the latter city, and made powerful speeches against the Mexican expedition and against the imperial policy in regard to the Roman question, and denounced the convention of Gastein as favoring the unity of Germany at the expense of France. Though persevering in his hostility to Napoleon III., he was defeated by the socialist Raspail at the election of 1869, and only secured his reelec- tion in Paris, where he was opposed by Roche- fort and Cantagrel, by the latter's withdrawal. His vehement opposition to the policy of the emperor, continued during the Ollivier ministry and the plebiscite movement in the earlier part of 1870, contributed much to increase public excitement; and he also joined Thiers in con-