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432 FRANKL FRANKLIN esteemed with the ancients, by whom it was in- troduced as one of the ingredients in their in- cense, which was burned {Incensum), according to Maimonides, to conceal the smell arising from the slaughtered animals of the sacrifices. According to others, the smoke of its burning was regarded as in itself an acceptable offering, because it was symbolical of prayer and of in- terior worship. Olibanum is but imperfectly soluble in water. Alcohol takes up about three fourths of it, forming a transparent solution. Braconnot obtained 8 parts of volatile oil, 56 of resin, 30 of gum, and 5*2 of insoluble glutinous matter ; loss 0'8. The article finds but little use in medicine except for fumigations, and rarely as an ingredient of plasters. Another variety of frankincense, the source of which is not well ascertained, is brought from Arabia. FRANKL, Lndwig August, a German poet of Jewish parentage, born at Chrast, Bohemia, Feb. 3, 1810. He received a diploma as physi- cian in Italy in 1837, but devoted himself to poetry and journalism, was secretary and archi- vist of the Hebrew community in Vienna, and became in 1851 professor of aesthetics. In 1856 he founded a school in Jerusalem, and de- scribed the condition of the Jews in the East in Nach Jerusalem (Leipsic, 1858) and Aus Aegypten (Vienna, 1860), having sketched that of his Viennese co-religionists in a previous work, Zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien (2 vols., 1847-'53). Of his little poem Die Uni- versitat, 500,000 copies were sold in Austria in 1848, owing to its being the first publication is- sued after the abolition of the censorship. His anonymous Magyar enTconig made him popular among the Hungarians, the work having been publicly destroyed by the Austrian authorities in Pesth (1850). His AJinenbilder (2d ed., Leip- sic, 1864), and his Libation (4th ed., Vienna, 1867), include poems suggested by his travels in the East. His Helden und Liederbuch (2d ed., Prague, 1863) contains his shorter pieces. His finest productions are his epic poems, Cris- toforo Colombo (Stuttgart, 1836), Don Juan d"* Austria (Leipsic, 1846), and Der Primator (3d ed., 1864). He has also translated several of Moore's and Byron's poems and Servian bal- lads, the latter under the title of Gusle. FRANKLIN, the name of counties in 22 of the United States. I. A "W. county of Maine, bordering on Canada, and drained by Dead and Sandy rivers, branches of the Kennebec ; area, 1,600 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 35,866. It has no navigable streams, but there are several mill creeks and small ponds. The Androscog- gin railroad terminates at Farmington. The surface is undulating, with a few mountainous elevations, the chief of which are Mt. Blue, Mt. Abraham, and Saddleback. The chief productions in 1870 were 25,407 bushels of wheat, 64,267 of Indian corn, 151,032 of oats, 325,513 of potatoes, 71.211 tons of hay, 101,007 Ibs. of cheese, 562,470 of butter, and 267,369 of wool. There were 4,096 horses, 7,108 milch cows, 13,901 other cattle, 57,093 sheep, and 1,604 swine; 5 manufactories of agricultural implements, 6 of boots and shoes, 3 of boxes, 30 of carriages and wagons, 3 of sashes, doors, and blinds, 1 of shoe pegs, 4 of wood turned and carved, 1 of woollen goods, 12 saw mills, l 5 tanneries, and 4 currying establishments. Capital, Farmington. II. A N. W. county of Vermont, bordering on Canada and Lake Champlain, and drained by Missisque and La- moille rivers; area, 630 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 30,291. The surface is irregular, and the soil fertile. There are marble quarries and iron mines. The commerce of the county is carried on through Lake Champlain, which is naviga- ble here for vessels of 90 tons, and over the Vermont Central railroad. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 49,431 bushels of wheat, 116,826 of Indian corn, 308,587 of oats, 335,- 122 of potatoes, 104,075 tons of hay, 510,226 Ibs. of cheese, 2,984,520 of butter, 92,178 of wool, and 830,344 of maple sugar. There were 6,025 horses, 27,624 milch cows, 12,012 other cattle, 20,054 sheep, and 4,564 swine; 19 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 3 of agricultural implements, 1 of cars, 5 of cheese, 1 of confectionery, 4 of barrels and casks, 2 of drugs and chemicals, 1 of iron castings, 3 of lime, 1 of engines and boilers, 11 of saddlery and harness, 6 of sashes, doors, and blinds, 11 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 5 of woollen goods, 16 tanneries, 15 currying establishments, 14 saw mills, and 3 flour mills. Capital, St. Albans. III. A N. W. county of Massachusetts, bordering on Ver- mont and New Hampshire, intersected by the Connecticut and drained by Miller's and Deer- field rivers ; area about 650 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 32,635. The surface is hilly and in some places mountainous, and the soil is good. The principal channels 'of transportation are the Connecticut River railroad, the Vermont and Massachusetts, the New London Northern, the Rutland division of the Vermont Central, and the Troy and Greenfield railroads. The Connec- ticut river has been made navigable here for boats. The chief productions in 1870 were 9,686 bushels of wheat, 23,327 of rye, 159,538 of Indian corn, 76,553 of oats, 8,980 of bar- ley, 221,633 of potatoes, 63,456 tons of hay, 996,543 .Ibs. of butter, 70,882 of wool, 2,473,- 265 of tobacco, and 137,253 of maple sugar. There were 4,245 horses, 8,779 milch cows, 14,850 other cattle, 15,959 sheep, and 3,652 swine ; 20 flour and 46 saw mills, 7 tanneries, 4 currying establishments, 6 manufactories of agricultural implements, 2 of bricks, 2 of children's carriages and sleds, 12 of wagons, 4 of cotton goods, 2 of cutlery, 13 of furni- ture, 5 of hardware, 4 of iron castings, 3 of machinery, 1 of pianos, 1 of printing paper, 7 of pocketbooks, 1 of sewing machines, 8 of wooden ware, and 3 of woollen goods. Capi- tal, Greenfield. IV. A N. E. county of New York, bordering on Canada, drained by Sara- nac, Chateaugay, St. Regis, and Raquette rivers; area, 1,764 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 30,271. The