Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/728

716 GEORGIA Rome (2,748). Among the towns are Albany, Americus, Bainbridge, Brunswick, Cartersville, Covington, Cuthbert, Dalton, Dawson, Eaton- ton, Fort Valley, Griffin, La Grange, Marietta, Newnan, Thomasville, Valdosta, Washington, and West Point, having each more than 1,000 inhabitants. The population of the state in 1790 and at subsequent decennial periods was as follows : U. S. CENSUS. White. Free colored. Slave. Total. 1790 52886 898 29264 82548 1800 101,678 1,019 59,404 162,101 1810 145,414 1,801 105 218 258,433 1820 189 564 1 767 149656 840483 1830 294,806 2,484 217,531 576,823 1840.. . 407,695 2753 280 944 691,392 1850 521 572 2931 381 682 906,185 I860 591,550 8,500 462,198 1,057,286 1870 ., 638926 545142 1,184,109 Included in the last total are 1 Chinaman and 40 Indians. Georgia ranked 12th among the states in 1870 in total population, a gain since 1860 of 12 per cent. ; 16th in the number of white inhabitants, gain 8-01 per cent. ; and 1st in colored population, gain 17'06 per cent. There were 1,172,982 natives and 11,127 for- eigners, 578,955 males and 605,154 females. Of the natives, 933,962 were born in the state, 54,937 in South Carolina, 26,858 in North Car- olina, 19,034 in Virginia and West Virginia, 12,- 230 in Alabama, 9,394 in Tennessee, and 4,^81 in Florida. There were 374,142 persons born in the state living in other states and territo- ries. Of the foreigners, 5,093 were natives of Ireland, 2,761 of Germany, and 1,088 of Eng- land. Of the colored, 501,814 were blacks, and 43,328 mulattoes. The number of male citizens of the United States 21 years old and over was 234,919. There were 237,850 fami- lies, having an average of 4'98 persons to a fam- ily, and 236,436 dwellings, averaging 5'01 to a dwelling. There were 418,553 persons 10 years old and over unable to read, and 468,593 un- able to write, of whom 343,637 were colored and 1,070 foreigners, 220,070 males and 248,- 523 females ; 101,114 were between 10 and 15 years of age, 92,120 from 15 to 21, and 275,342 21 and over. Of the last number, 21,899 were white males and 100,551 colored males. The number of blind persons was 740; deaf and dumb, 326 ; insane, 634 ; idiots, 871 ; paupers, 1,816, of whom 507 were colored and 39 for- eigners; persons convicted of crimes during the year, 1,775. There were 444,678 persons 10 years old and over engaged in occupations, viz. : 336,145 in agriculture, 64,083 in profes- sional and personal services, 14,410 in trade and transportation, and 27,040 in manufactures and mining. Included in these numbers were 264,605 agricultural laborers, 70,468 farmers and planters, 953 clergymen, 37,027 domestic servants, 14,976 laborers, 851 lawyers, 1,537 physicians and surgeons, 2,225 teachers, 5,429 traders and dealers, 3,545 clerks, salesmen, &c., 5,105 officials and employees of railroad com- panies, 1,279 carmen, draymen, &c., 2,262 blacksmiths, 1,375 boot and shoe makers, 1,005 masons and stone cutters, 4,723 carpenters and joiners, 3,519 cotton and woollen mill opera- tives, 1,206 millers, 1,215 saw-mill operatives, and 2,604 tailors, seamstresses, &c. Georgia presents a great variety of surface. Along the coast and the Florida line it is low and swampy, while a little further back occur parallel ranges of sand hills, 40 or 50 ft. high. Near the S. E. corner is the Okefinokee swamp, or rather series of swamps, about 180 m. in circuit, filled with pools and islands, covered with vines, bay trees, and underwood, and teeming with alli- gators, lizards, and other reptiles. The eleva- tion for 20 m. inland rarely exceeds 40 ft., and averages 10 to 12 ft. above the sea. Then the land suddenly rises by a terrace 70 ft. higher, , and this table land continues nearly level about 20 m. further inland, when another rise of 70 ft. leads to a third tract, which continues to ascend toward the north, till at Milledgeville, about 150 m. from the sea, the elevation is about 575 ft. From the central portion of the state the surface becomes more elevated, the hills increasing in size toward the north. The southern spurs of the Appalachians, which cross the N. portion of the state from N. E. to S. W., are reached in the Etowah hills of Bartow and Cherokee counties, and the Ami- colola hills of Gilmer and Lumpkin ; and the Blue Ridge, ranging with these between Lump- kin, White, and Habersham counties on the south, and Union and Towns on the north, con- stitutes the great watershed. These mountains attain an elevation of from 1,200 to 4,000 ft. The coast of Georgia extends S. S. W. from Tybee sound to Cumberland sound, a distance of about 100 m., with a shore line estimated at 480 m. Though generally uniform as to course, it is very irregularly indented, and is skirted by numerous low islands which extend parallel to the shores. The principal of these from N. to S. are Cabbage, Ossabaw, St. Catharine's, Sa- pelo, St. Simon's, Jykill, and Cumberland. The inlets and sounds which divide the islands from one another and from the mainland are gener- ally navigable, but too shoal to admit vessels of more than 100 tons. Vessels of larger di- mensions can enter only four harbors : Savan- nah, Darien, Brunswick, and St. Mary's. The bar of the Tybee entrance of the Savannah, has 19 ft. of water; that of the Sapelo entrance of the Altamaha, 14 ft. ; that of St. Simon's sound (entrance of Brunswick harbor), 17 ft.; and that of St. Mary's river, 14 ft. These figures represent the least water in the chan- nel ways at low water of mean tides ; the mean rise of tides on this part of the coast varies from 7 ft. in the Savannah to 5-9 ft. in the St. Mary's. The Savannah, the largest river of Georgia, and the boundary toward South Carolina, rises by two head streams, the Tuga- loo and Keowee, in the Appalachian chain, and near the sources of the Tennessee and Hiawas-