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204: LAUBAN cennes he again escaped, was again arrested, and finally, after the death of Louis XV., was liberated through the influence of Malesherbes, June 5, 1-777. But he was soon after rearrested and thrown into a dungeon at Bicetre, where he remained for many years. Mme. Legros, having learned his history, determined to ob- tain his liberty, and at length, with the assis- tance of the cardinal de Rohan and Mme. Keeker, procured his release, March 18, 1784, with the allowance of a small pension, and took him into her house. The French acad- emy decreed a prize to Mine. Legros, in the same year, for her efforts in behalf of Latude. The day after the taking of the Bastile Latude reclaimed his papers and other memorials of his first imprisonment. The whole were pub- licly exhibited with his portrait in the court of the Louvre, and were instrumental in exciting the populace. In 1793 he brought suit for damages against the heirs of Mme. de Pompa- dour, and was awarded the sum of 60,000 livres, of which he received only 10,000. He published a Memoire de M. de Latude, ingenieur (Paris, 1789), and several essays. *The advo- cate Thierry published Le despotisme devoile, on Memoires de Latude (3 vols., l791-'2) ; and in 1838 was published at Paris Memoires in- edited de Henri Masers de Latude. LAUBAJY, a town of Prussia, in the province of Silesia, on the Queis, 38 m. W. S. W. of Lieg- nitz; pop. in 1871, 9,082. It has three Prot- estant churches, a Catholic church, a gymna- sium, an orphan house, a public library, a con- siderable weaving industry, and a brisk trade. It was founded in the 10th century, destroyed during the Hussite wars, and rebuilt in 1435. LAUBE, Heinricb, a German author, born at Sprottau, Prussian Silesia, Sept. 18, 1806. He completed his studies in Halle and Breslau, and was a teacher in Silesia till 1832, when he re- moved to Leipsic, and subsequently accom- panied Gutzkow to Italy. He was expelled from Saxony in 1834, and under arrest in Ber- lin during nine months, on account of his liber- alism, and the publication of his writings was interdicted. He married in 1836 the widow of Professor Hanel of Leipsic, travelled exten- sively, and resided in that city till 1848, when he became a member of the Frankfort parlia- ment. He resigned in March, 1849, and from the close of that year till 1867 he was director of the court theatre in Vienna, and in 1869-'70 of the new city theatre at Leipsic. In 1872 he founded the city theatre in Vienna, and retired in October, 1874. He acquired celebrity as a representative of the political and literary school of "Young Germany," and published dramas, novels, books of travel, and miscella- neous writings. His principal works are : Das neue Jahrhundert (2 vols., Furth and Leipsic, 1832-'3) ; Das junge Europa (4 vols., Mann- heim, 1833-7) ; Reisenovellen (6 vols., 1834-7) ; Die Grafin Chateaubriand (3 vols., Leipsic, 1843) ; Das erste deutsche Parlament (3 vols., 1849) ; Der deutsche Krieg (9 vols., 1863-'6) ; LAUD and his Dramatische Werlce (11 vols., 1845-'68). Among his successful comedies is Die Karl- schuler, and his finest drama is Graf Essex. His later works comprise Das Burgtheater zu Wien (1868), Demetrius, a dramatic poem (1869), and Das norddeutsche Theater (1872). LAUD, William, an English prelate, archbishop of Canterbury, born in Reading, Berkshire, Oct. 7, 1573, executed on Tower hill, London, Jan. 10, 1645. The son of a wealthy clothier, he was educated in the grammar school of his native town, till in his 16th year he entered St. John's college, Oxford, where he obtained a scholarship in 1590 and a fellowship in 1593. He received clerical orders in 1601, became chaplain to Charles Lord Mountjoy, earl of Devonshire, in 1605, and, though holding mar- riage to be an indissoluble sacrament, per- formed the rites of matrimony between that nobleman and Lady Rich, whose first husband was still living. He was appointed chaplain to Bishop Nene in 1608, and had held several mi- nor livings when in 1611 he was elected presi- dent of St. John's college, Oxford, and became one of the royal chaplains. In 1616 he was presented to the deanery of Gloucester, ac- companied King James to Scotland in 1617, be- came prebendary of Westminster in 1620. and was raised to the see of St. David's in 1621, when he resigned his presidentship. In 1622 took place his famous conference with the Jesuit Fisher, in presence of the duke of Buck- ingham. The result was, according to his dia- ry, that he became " 0." to Buckingham ; the initial is usually believed to stand for confes- sor. Under the patronage of this nobleman his rise was rapid. In 1624 he was made a member of the court of high commission, in 1626 bishop of Bath and Wells, in 1627 a privy councillor, and in 1628 bishop of London. He became the confidential adviser of Charles I. in ecclesiastical affairs, succeeded Buckingham in the royal favor, and began to play a fore- most part in politics. His first object was to force the Puritans and other dissenters to con- formity. " Under his direction," says Mac- aulay, " every corner of the realm was sub- jected to a constant and minute inspection. Every little congregation of separatists was tracked out and broken up. Even the devo- tions of private families could not escape the vigilance of his spies. Such fear did his rigor inspire, that the deadly hatred of the church, which festered in innumerable bosoms, was generally disguised under an outward show of conformity." In 1628 Dr. Leighton, a Scottish theologian, published a book entitled "Sion's Plea against the Prelacy." At the instigation of Laud he was brought before the star cham- ber in 1630, was condemned to pay a fine of 10,000, was twice publicly whipped and pil- loried in Cheapside, had his ears cut off, his nostrils slit open, and his cheeks branded with the letters S. S. (sower of sedition), and was imprisoned 10 years in the Fleet. Laud was now intimately associated with the earl of