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500 LINCOLN LINCOLNSHIRE ber, 1781, and then returned to his farm. In 1787 he commanded the forces which quelled the Shays rebellion in western Massachusetts, and in the same year he was elected lieutenant governor of the state. Upon the establishment of the federal government he received from Washington the appointment of collector of Boston, from which office he retired about two years before his death. He was a member of the commission which in 1789 formed a treaty with the Creek Indians, and of that which in 1793 unsuccessfully attempted to enter into ne- gotiations with the Indians north of the Ohio. See his life by Francis Bowen in Sparks's "American Biography" (2d series, vol. xiii.). LINCOLN, John Larkin, an American scholar, born in Boston, Feb. 23, 1817. He graduated in 1836 at Brown university, where, after two years' residence at the Newton theological in- stitution, he held the office of tutor in Latin for two years, and then passed several years in Europe in travel and literary studies. In 1844 he returned to the United States, and in the autumn of that year was appointed professor of Latin in Brown university. He has pub- lished " Selections from Livy " (1847 ; new ed., 1871), the "Works of Horace" (1851), and Cicero De Senectute (1872). LINCOLN. I. Levi, an American statesman, born in Hingham, Mass., May 15, 1749, died in Worcester, April 14, 1820. He graduated at Harvard college in 1772, studied law at North- ampton, was admitted to the bar in 1775, and commenced practice in Worcester. He was zealous in the cause of independence, was the author of numerous patriotic appeals, and between 1775 and 1781 was successively clerk of the court and judge of probate of Wor- cester county. In 1779 he was government commissioner for confiscated estates. He was a delegate to the convention in Cambridge for framing a state constitution, and in 1781 was elected to the continental congress, but declined to serve. In 1796 he was a member of the house of representatives, and in 1797 of the senate of Massachusetts. In 1800 he was elected to the national congress, and in 1801 was appointed attorney general of the United States ; and he was provisional secre- tary of state during the few months preceding the arrival of Mr. Madison. At the end of Jefferson's first term (March, 1805) he resigned. In 1806 he was elected a member of the coun- cil of Massachusetts; in 1807 and 1808 he was lieutenant governor of the commonwealth ; and after the decease of Gov. Sullivan in De- cember, 1808, he was acting governor till the following May. In 1811 he was appointed by President Madison an associate justice of the supreme court of the United States, but de- clined on account of weakness of sight, which terminated in almost total blindness. A par- tial restoration of vision afterward enabled him to resume the cultivation of his farm and his classical studies. He was one of the ori- ginal members of the American academy of arts and sciences, sustained distinguished rela- tions to other literary institutions, and from the close of the revolution was considered the head of the Massachusetts bar. II. Levi, eldest son of the preceding, born in Worces- ter, Mass., Oct. 25, 1782, died there, May 29, 1868. He graduated at Harvard college in 1802, began immediately to study law in the office of his father, then attorney general of the United States, was admitted to the bar in 1805, and practised in Worcester. Between 1812 and 1822 he was elected several times to both branches of the state legislature, and was speaker of the house in 1822. In 1814 he en- tered warmly into the debate in opposition to the Hartford convention, and drew up the pro- test against that body, which was signed by 75 other members of the legislature and was wide- ly circulated. He was in 1820 a member of the convention called to revise the constitution of Massachusetts, was lieutenant governor of the state in 1823, and in 1824 was appointed judge of the supreme court. In 1825 he was selected by both the political parties as their candidate for governor of the state, and held the office till 1834. He is believed to have been the first governor under the constitution who exercised the veto power. He was a member of congress from 1835 to 1841, and collector of the port of Boston from 1841- to 1843. In 1844 and 1845 he was again a mem- ber of the state senate, of which body he was president in the latter year. He was presiden- tial elector in 1848, when he presided over the electoral college; and upon the organization of his native town as a city he became its first mayor. He was an active member of the American antiquarian society, of the American academy of arts and sciences, and of the Mas- sachusetts historical society. III. Enoch, brother of the preceding, born in Worcester, Mass., Dec. 28, 1788, died in Augusta, Me., Oct. 8, 1829. He entered Harvard college in 1806, subsequently received the degree of master of arts from Bowdoin college, studied law with his brother Levi at Worcester, and was admit- ted to the bar in 1811. He began practice in Salem, but removed in 1812 to Fryeburg in Maine. He settled in the neighboring shire town of Paris in 1819, and represented the dis- trict of Oxford in congress from 1819 to 1826. In 1827 he was elected governor of Maine, and was twice reflected with hardly any opposi- tion. He wrote " The Village," a poem de- scriptive of the scenery and romance of Maine (1816), and valuable papers in the first vol- ume of the "Maine Historical Collections." He also left in manuscript an unfinished work on the history, resources, and policy of Maine. LINCOLNSHIRE, an E. county of England, bounded N. by the Humber and its estuary, E. by the North sea, S. by the counties of Cam- bridge, Northampton, and Rutland, and W, by Leicester, Nottingham, and York ; area, 2,762 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 436,599. Much of the surface is flat and low, a large portion