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630 LONGTON LONGUEVILLE and he constructed a small model boat, upon a plan very different from Fulton's, which went on the Savannah river against the stream at the rate of five miles an hour. Cotton had previously been ginned by two rollers, not quite one inch in diameter, which caught the fibres, pressed out the seed, and delivered the clean cotton on the other side, where it was taken by the ginner's hand, and deposited in a bag attached to his person. Longstreet in- vented and patented the " breast roller," moved by horse power, which entirely superseded the old method. He set up two of his gins in Augusta, which were propelled by steam and worked admirably; but they were destroyed by fire within a week. He next erected a set of steam mills near St. Mary's., Ga., which were destroyed by the British in the war of 1812. These disasters exhausted his resources and discouraged his enterprise, though he was con- fident that steam would soon supersede all other motive powers. II. Augustas Baldwin, an American author, son of the preceding, born in Augusta, Ga., Sept. 22, 1790, died at Ox- ford, Miss., Sept. 9, 1870. He graduated at Yale college in 1813, studied law at Litchfield, Conn., and in 1815 was admitted to the bar in Georgia. In 1821 he was elected to the legis- lature, in 1822 became judge of the superior court of Georgia, and in 1824 was a candi- date for congress. But the death of one of his children turning his thoughts to religious sub- jects, he withdrew from the canvass, declined a reelection to the bench, resumed his prac- tice at the bar for several years, and in the mean while prepared himself for the ministry. In 1.838 he became a minister in the Methodist Episcopal church, and was stationed at ,Au- .gusta, Ga. In 1839 he was elected president of Emory college, Georgia, where he remained till 1848, when he became president of Cen- tenary college, Louisiana, and soon afterward of Mississippi university, and in 1857 of South Carolina college, a post which he held until the outbreak of the civil war. He commenced writing for the press at an early age, and was a frequent contributor to periodical literature. Several of his addresses and sermons have been published ; but he is best known as a humor- ous writer. About 1858 he wrote a serial novel, "Master William Mitten, or a Youth of Brilliant Talents who was ruined by Bad Luck." His " Georgia Scenes in the first Half Century of the Republic," a series of newspa- per sketches continued for several years, was collected (2 vols., New York, 1840; revised and enlarged, 1 vol., 1867). LONGTON, a market and manufacturing town of Staffordshire, England, 32 m. S. of Man- chester; pop. in 1871, 19,748. It is on the North Staffordshire railway, and contains sev- eral fine streets, two parish churches, and other places of worship. There are two large mar- ket halls, a town hall, an athenaeum, and a mechanics' institute. It has extensive manu- factories of china and earthenware. LONGUEVILLE, Anne Geuevieve de Bonrbon, duchess de, a French politician, born Aug. 29, 1619, died April 15, 1679. Her father, Henri II., prince of Cond6, was prisoner in the cha- teau of Vincennes at the time of her birth. The great Conde and the prince of Conti were her brothers. Her mother, a member of the Montmorency family, imparted to her strong sentiments of piety, but her education was neglected. When she yielded to the request of her friends and attended a court ball, her beauty created a sensation which tempted her to become a regular habituee of the royal cir- cle. The prince de Joinville, to whom she had been betrothed, having died, she was in 1642 prevailed upon to bestow her hand upon the duke de Longueville, a widower who was dou- ble her age, and whose former mistress, Mme. de Montbazon, caused great annoyance to the duchess by accusing her of a love intrigue with Coligni, for which at that'time there does not seem to have been any foundation. The duke was sent to Munster in 1645. During his ab- sence from Paris, the duchess occasionally saw the prince of Marsillac, afterward duke de La Rochefoucauld ; and it being reported that she was not indifferent to his attentions, the duke de Longueville caused his wife to join him in Westphalia, where she remained till 1647, fol- lowing with interest the negotiations of the treaty of peace of Munster, and imbibing a fondness for politics, which on her return to Paris she displayed most actively in the part which she took in the Fronde. La Roche- foucauld was .one of its chief leaders, and she threw herself with impetuosity into the move- ment. Among others who joined it were her brother Conti and the duke de Bouillon ; but as it was intimated that they were both waver- ing in their revolutionary zeal, Mme. de Longue- ville was detained in the h6tel de ville as hos- tage for her brother, and Mme. de Bouillon for her husband. While there, in the night of Jan. 26, 1649, the duchess gave birth to a son, of whom La Rochefoucauld was supposed to be the father. In order to punish the duchess, her brothers and husband were arrested by order of Anne of Austria, the regent, in 1650. Mme. de Longueville left Paris on the night of the arrest for Normandy, where she hoped to inspire a rising ; but failing, and barely esca- ping with her life on her flight from Dieppe, she gained Rotterdam and repaired to the citadel of Stenay on the Meuse, of which she took the command, and succeeded in inducing Turenne, whom she met there, to join the Fronde and accept the assistance of the king of Spain in levying troops against France. After the conclusion of this alliance, she pub- lished a letter to the king, accusing Mazarin, and throwing upon him the responsibility for her course. Her husband and brother were set free in the beginning of 1651, when she went to Paris ; but declining to follow her husband, who was firm in his loyalty to the king, into Normandy, she set out on a new revolutionary