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MARBOIS wearing them down upon the face of large rindstones. The hard stones are managed dth great dexterity by the workmen, who in few minutes bring them into the shape of jrfect spheres. MARBOIS, Barb. See BAEB -MARBOIS. MARBURG, a town of Prussia, in the prov- ice of Hesse-Nassau, on the river Lahn, 49 i. S. W. of Cassel ; pop. in 1871, 9,065. The mncipal public buildings are the church of St. "lizabeth, a fine, perfectly preserved specimen )f the pointed Gothic, built in the 13th cen- iry, and the ancient castle of the landgraves Hesse on the Schlossberg (now used as a jnitentiary), where the famous discussion on ransubstantiation between Luther and Zwingli >ok place, Oct. 1-3, 1529. The university of arburg was the first founded in Germany after reformation, by the landgrave Philip the [agnanimous (May 30, 1527) ; it was richly adowed from the proceeds of the confiscated MARCEAU 149 Marburg. property of the clergy, and attracted students from all parts of Protestant Europe. Although a rival university was established in Giessen in 1607, it continued to flourish until the out- break of the thirty years' war. From 1625 to 1650 the Giessen university was united with that of Marburg, but they have .since been again separated, the former being now the na- tional university of Hesse-Darmstadt. In the first part of the 18th century Marburg derived great celebrity from the philosopher Christian von Wolf, who was one of the professors. In the winter of 1873-'4 the university was at- tended by 433 students, mostly medical. It contains a library of about 130,000 volumes, an anatomical theatre, an observatory, an admi- rable chemical laboratory, a botanic garden, a lying-in asylum, a clinique, a school for veteri- nary surgeons, a zoological museum, a philo- logical seminary, and one for political sciences. Marburg possesses also a gymnasium and other educational institutions, a society for natural history, and a Bible society. The chief man- ufacture is pottery. The town was several times besieged during the seven years' war. In 1806 and 1809 it was the scene of risings of the Hessian peasantry against the French, who destroyed in 1810 and 1811 the greatest part of the fortifications of the castle. MARC' ANTONIO. See RAIMONDL MARCEAU, Francois Severin dcs Grayiers, a French soldier, born in Chartres, March 1, 1769, died at Altenkirchen, Rhenish Prussia, Sept. 23, 1796. His father, a lawyer, intended him for the legal profession ; but he enlisted in 1785, and was sergeant in 1789, when he was prom- inent in the. taking of the Bastile. In 1792 he was assigned to the army of the Ardennes, where as commander of volunteers he restored obedience to the commanding general Lafay- ette. Rapidly promoted for bravery, he was made general of division in 1793, and distin- guished himself with Kleber in the war of the Vendee, especially at the battle of Save- nay. His magnanim- ity in saving the life of Angelique de Mel- liers, a female royalist combatant, was mis- represented as an act of treason, but he was acquitted. In 1794 he mainly decided the vic- tory at Fleurus (June 26), which placed Bel- gium at the mercy of France. The commit- tee of public safety called him "the lion of the army," and im- mediately placed him in charge of the right wing of the army of the Sambre and Oise, Jourdan being commander-in-chief, and Kle- ber at the head of a division. In October he achieved a brilliant success in capturing Coblentz, the great focus of the emigrant no- bles. In 1795 he took part in the siege of Ehrenbreitstein. "While commanding the rear guard on the right bank of the Rhine, he was driven to despair by the premature destruction of a pontoon on the Sieg, and would have com- mitted suicide if it had not been for the inter- vention of one of his aides-de-camp. Kle"ber arrived in time to rescue him from his perilous position. In 1796 he was placed at the head of the first division to cover the retreat of Pichegru from Mentz, and to protect the oper- ations of Jourdan, whom he enabled to effect a junction with KMber. At the end of July he took Konigstein, after having baffled an at- tempt of the enemy to -make a sortie from Mentz, which place he invested, and gained several other important successes. While occii-