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150 MARCELLO pying the plain of Altenkirchen, awaiting the arrival of Jourdan, he undertook a reconnois- sance, Sept. 20. He was severely wounded by a ball, and was carried within the enemy's lines, where he died three days after. His ob- ! vi-re celebrated with great pomp, the Austrians firing minute guns in his honor. A pyramid erected near the spot where he fell was subsequently removed to the neighborhood of Ooblentz. In his native town monuments were erected in his honor ; and in September, 1851, a bronze statue of him was placed in the principal square. See Kleber et Marceau, by Charles Desprez (Paris, 1857). MARCKLLO, Benedetto, an Italian composer, born in Venice, July 24, 1686, died in Brescia, July 17, 1739. His father was a Venetian sen- ator, and personally superintended his educa- tion. He studied music thoroughly, learning counterpoint under Gaspari, became an advo- cate, and held several important offices, being a member of the council of forty and treasu- rer at Brescia. His most esteemed work is his music for Giustiniani's version of 50 of the Psalms. The pieces were written for two, three, and four voices, with accompaniment for organ or clavichord, several having also obbligato for violoncello or two violas. John Garth of Durham published a fine edition of these psalms in eight folio volumes, with Eng- lish words. Marcello's other works consist of oratorios, masses, cantatas, madrigals, and different parts of the Roman Catholic service. He wrote also what he styled a " Drama for Music," and Calisto in Orsa, a pastoral with the use of scenery ; a variety of instrumental compositions, and two satirical madrigals. Be- sides these musical works, he left a treatise in manuscript on music, a poem upon the re- demption, and a collection of sonnets, verses, burlesque poems, and dramas. He is justly considered as one of the greatest of the Italian masters ; his style being noble and sustained, his invention poetic, and his thought and mu- sical forms full of originality. MARIELLIS, Marcos Clandlns, a Roman gene- ral, bora about 268 B. C., killed near Venu- pia, in Apulia, in 208. The family to which he 1" 'longed (a plebeian branch of the great Clau'lian gem) was of the highest distinction in Rome. Marcellus was early known as a bold and skilful soldier, serving in the first Punic war. His first office was that of curule ndilc. to which he was chosen about 226. Shortly afterward he was elected augur, and in 222 he was made consul. While holding that office he brought the Gallic war to a success- ful termination, killing the leader of the Gauls with his own hands. Marcellus dedicated the spoils of the Gallic chief as spolia opima in the temple of Jupiter Feretrius, being the third and last instance of such dedication in Roman history. Hu was one of the prrotors in 216, when the second Punic war was at its height, and was about to sail for Sicily when the defeat of the Romans at Cann caused a change in his MARCH destination. Employed against Hannibal, he prevented the town of Nola from falling into his hands, and repulsed his forces, which was the first check received by the Carthaginian. He was summoned to Rome to take part in the consultations concerning the conduct of the war, and then sent back to Campania as pro- consul. Elected consul in 215, with another plebeian for colleague, he resigned the office rather than offend the senate, which was averse to the whole consular power being in plebeian hands. Returning to his proconsular position in Campania, he again baffled Hanni- bal at Nola, and inflicted great loss on his army. He was elected consul in 214, having Fabius Maximus for his colleague, and resumed his Campanian command, repulsing Hannibal at Nola for the third time. Casilinum having capitulated to Fabius, Marcellus massacred all the garrison but 50. He was then sent to Sici- ly, which he nearly conquered in three years. The siege of Syracuse, which he maintained for two years, and in which he was opposed by the science of Archimedes, who was killed during the sack of the town (212), was one of the most famous sieges of ancient warfare. Re- turning to Rorqe in 211, he was refused the honors of a triumph because he had not entirely subdued Sicily. His ovation was very brilliant, but the magnificence of his Sicilian spoils, com- prising rich works of art, gave much offence to the old Roman party. He was a fourth time consul in 210. Prevented from returning to Sicily by the opposition of the Sicilians, whom his cruelty and rapacity had alienated, he was placed at the head of the army which acted against Hannibal that year, and the next year retained the command of it as proconsul. The Romans complained of his want of vigor du- ring the latter part of his proconsulate, but he defended himself successfully, and was elected consul for the fifth time. Having appeased the Arretians, who threatened revolt, he again assumed command of the army in presence of Hannibal, his colleague being with him. While reconnoitring the Carthaginian camp, he fell into an ambuscade, and was slain. MARCELLUS, Nonius, an early Latin gramma- rian, in regard to whose personal history there is no authentic information, but who is known as the author of Nonii Marcelli Peripatetid Tuberticensis de Compendiosa Doctrina per Litteras ad Filium, first published in Rome about 1470. The first critical editions appeared in 1565 and 1586. Mercier's Paris edition of 1614, with a new version of the text, was re- published in Leipsic in 1826. In 1842 ap- peared a superior edition by Gerlach and Roth, and in 1872 the best of all by the French gram- marian Louis Marie Quicherat. MARCH (Lat. Martins, pertaining to Mars), the third month of the year, consisting of 31 days. It was the first month in the early Roman cal- endar, and it also marked the commencement of the year among some of the Latin Christian nations till the 18th century. The English