Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/211

MARSHALL 199 productions in 1870 were 107,029 bushels of wheat, 36,135 of rye, 1,122,903 of Indian corn, 302,604 of oats, 98,236 of potatoes, 20,819 Ibs. of wool, 290,077 of butter, and 21,445 tons of hay. There were 9,798 horses, 5,533 milch cows, 6,904 other cattle, 5,517 sheep, and 20,- 098 swine ; 2 manufactories of agricultural im- plements, 13 of carriages, 4 of cooperage, 11 of saddlery and harness, 9 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 1 of woollen goods, 1 pork- packing establishment, 2 distilleries, and 4 flour mills. Capital, Lacon. VIII. A central coun- ty of Iowa, intersected by Iowa river ; area, 576 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 17,576. The surface is undulating and the soil fertile. It is inter- sected by the Chicago and Northwestern and the Central railroad of Iowa. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 922,560 bushels of wheat, 1,239,631 of Indian corn, 308,671 of oats, 99,- 881 of potatoes, 20,934 Ibs. of wool, 405,972 of butter, and 25,439 tons of hay. There were 7,494 horses, 5,219 milch cows, 7,892 other cattle, 3,952 sheep, and 21,537 swine; 3 man- ufactories of carriages and wagons, 1 of lime, 2 of machinery, 8 of saddlery and harness, 2 breweries, 4 saw mills, and 6 flour mills. Capi- tal, Marshalltown. IX. A N. E. county of Kan- sas, bordering on Nebraska, and drained by the Big Blue river ; area, 908 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,901. It is intersected by the St. Jo- seph and Denver City railroad, and by the Central branch of the Union Pacific. The sur- face is somewhat diversified and the soil fer- tile. Coal and gypsum abound. ' The chief productions in 1870 were 160,750 bushels of wheat, 333,505 of Indian corn, 45,476 of oats, 42,488 of potatoes, 125,303 Ibs. of butter, and 12,885 tons of hay. There were 2,534 horses, 3,025 milch cows, 4,383 other cattle, 2,379 sheep, and 2,909 swine; 3 flour mills, 2 saw mills, and 4 manufactories of saddlery and harness. Capital, Marysville. MARSHALL, a city and the county seat of Cal- houn co., Michigan, situated on the Kalamazoo river and the Michigan Central railroad, 40 m. S. W. of Lansing, and 100 m. W. of Detroit ; pop. in 1870, 4,925. It is surrounded by a fer- tile country, and has an important trade in agri- cultural products. There are several flour mills, saw mills, planing mills, manufactories, and machine shops. Marshall has three national banks, with a capital of $450,000 ; graded pub- lic schools, including a high school ; two weekly newspapers, and 10 churches. It was laid out in 1831, and incorporated as a city in 1859. MARSHALL, Humphrey, an American politi- cian, born in Frankfort, Ky., Jan. 13, 1812, died in Louisville, March 28, 1872. He gradu- ated at the military academy, West Point, in 1832, and entered the army as brevet third lieutenant of mounted rangers. After serving in the Black Hawk expedition, he resigned in 1833, and became a lawyer at Frankfort, and afterward at Louisville. He served in the Mexican war in 1846-'7, as colonel of the first Kentucky cavalry. In 1849 he was elected to congress, and in 1852 appointed commissioner to China. In 1855 he was again elected to congress. In the civil war he was a major general in the confederate army. MARSHALL, John, an American jurist, born in Fauquier co., Va., Sept. 24, 1755, died in Philadelphia, July 6, 1835. He was the eldest of 15 children of Col. Thomas Marshall, who signalized himself during the revolution, espe- cially at the battle of Brandywine. The maid- en name of his mother was Mary Keith. Col. Marshall was a gentleman of culture, and de- voted himself personally to the training of his children. John thus obtained a strong love of English literature, especially for poetry and his- tory. At the age of 12 he knew by heart a large portion of Pope's writings, and was fa- miliar with Milton, Shakespeare, and Dryden. At the age of 14 he was sent to school at West- moreland, where James Monroe was one of his fellow students. Returning home at the end of a year, he resumed his studies under the direc- tion of a clergyman. His hours were still large- ly devoted to his favorite poets, and for many years he was full of dreamy romance and po- etical enthusiasm. Field sports and athletic exercises in the open air were also habitual with him. He commenced the study of law at the age of 18 ; but the impending struggle with Great Britain drew him away from his books before he had obtained a license to prac- tise. In 1775 he joined a military company, and when news came of the battle of Lexing- ton, and the march of Patrick Henry upon Williamsburg, he addressed the company in eloquent terms, urging them to prepare for every emergency. After the flight of Dun- more he took part with his regiment, of which his father was major, in the battle of Great Bridge. Marshall was lieutenant of the flank- ing party which advanced in face of a mur- derous discharge from the enemy posted on the causeway, and terminated the engage- ment. His company was the " Culpeper min- utemen," who wore green hunting shirts with " Liberty or Death " in white letters on the bosom, and whose banner displayed a coiled rattlesnake, with the motto, "Don't tread on me." In July, 1776, he was made lieutenant in the llth Virginia regiment, on continental service, and marched to the north. In May, 1777, he was promoted to a captaincy. From the time of his entrance into the army to the close of 1779, Marshall was in active service. He took part in the engagement at Iron Hill, and in the battles of Brandywine, German- town, and Monmouth. He shared the hard- ships and sufferings of the troops at Valley Forge with unvarying good humor and san- guine hopefulness. At this period he acted frequently as deputy judge advocate, and se- cured the warm regard of Washington. In the winter of 1779 he was sent to Virginia to take command of a new corps to be raised by the legislature. While this subject was under dis- cussion, he attended a course of law lectures