202 MARSH HAWK and in 1839 took up his residence in London. He was elected an associate of the Scottish academy in 1844, and a royal academician in 1852 ; and he was employed as one of the three sculptors for the new houses of parliament. In 1857 he obtained the first prize of 700 for
- i <1< -iirn for a national monument to the duke
of Wellington, and he is now (1874) executing in marble part of a series of bass reliefs for the chapel in St. Paul's cathedral, in which that monument is to be placed. His more impor- tant works are : " The Broken Pitcher," ex- hibited in 1842; "First Whisper of Love," 1845; "The Dancing Girl Reposing," which obtained the art union premium of 500 ; " Sa- brina," 1847; the statues of Clarendon and Somers for the houses of parliament, of Sir Robert Peel at Manchester, of Jenner in Trafal- gar square (1859), of Campbell, of Crompton, the inventor of the mule spinning machine, of James, seventh earl of Derby, at Bolton, and of Sir George Grey in Cape Town, Africa. MARSH HAWK. See HARRIER. MARSH HEN. See RAIL. MARSH MALLOW. See ALTH^A. MARSIIMAX, Joshua, an English missionary, born at Westbury-Leigh, Wiltshire, in 1767, died in Serampore, India, Dec. 5, 1837. In 1799 he was sent out to Serampore by the Bap- tist missionary society. He applied himself to the study of Bengalee, Sanskrit, and Chinese, in 1826 visited England, and returned to India in 1829. His principal works are : a Chinese translation of the book of Genesis, the four Gospels, and the Epistles of Paul to the Ro- mans and Corinthians; a " Dissertation on the Characters and Sounds of the Chinese Lan- guage " (1809) ; "The Works of Confucius, containing the Original Text with a Transla- tion "(1811); "Clavis Sinica: Elements of Chinese Grammar," &c. (Serampore, 1814) ; and " A Defence of the Deity and Atonement of Jesus Christ" (London, 1822), in reply to a work of Rammohun Roy, discrediting the miracles of Christ. He assisted Dr. Carey in preparing a Sanskrit grammar and a Ben- galee and English dictionary, and published an abridgment of the latter in 1827. MARSH RABBIT. See HARE. MARSI. I. An ancient people of Italy, of Sabino race. They dwelt in the central Apen- nines, their territory surrounding Lake Fuci- nus (now Lago di Celano), where they bor- dered upon the Sabines and Vestini to the north, the Peligni toward the east, the Sam- nites and Volscians to the south and southwest, and the ^Equi and Hernici to the west. Their principal town was Marruvium or Maruvium (San Benedetto), on the E. bank of the lake. Their origin is ascribed by some legends to Marsyas of Phrygia, and by others to a son of the sorceress Circe, probably from their acquaintance with the medicinal qualities of some plants growing among the mountains of their territory, which were used as remedies against the bites of snakes. The Marsi en- MARSTON joyed a great reputation for bravery among the Romans, against whom they fought in al- liance with their neighbors, the Peligni, Mar- rucini, and other Sabellian tribes, in the latter part of the 4th century B. C., finally conclu- ding a peace in 304. Having been for about 200 years the stanch allies of the republic, they became the prime movers of the great war known as the social or Marsic, waged for the right of the Roman franchise, which, though often defeated, they finally secured. It was proverbial among the Romans that "no triumph can be obtained over the Marsi or without them." II. An ancient people of Germany, on the banks of the Erns, prob- ably a tribe of the Cherusci, with whom they fought under Arminius. MARSIGLI, Luigi Ferdinando, count, an Italian naturalist, born in Bologna, July 10, 1658, died there, Nov. 1, 1730. He studied mathematics and natural history under Borelli and Malpighi, travelled in Turkey, afterward served in the imperial army, was wounded and captured by the Turks in the battle of Raab (1683), was ransomed by his family, and after the con- clusion of peace was employed as boundary commissioner between Turkey and Austria. In the war of the Spanish succession, being second in command of the garrison at Breisach (1703) when that place surrendered to the French without offering any resistance, he was tried by an Austrian court martial and deprived of his rank in the army. Devoting himself hence- forward to scientific pursuits, he travelled in the west of Europe, finally settling in his na- tive city. He published Saggio fisico intorno alia storia del mare (1711), De Generatione Fungorum (1717), Danubius Pannonico-Mysi- cus (1726), and Stato militare delV imperio Ottomano (1732). In England he became a friend of Newton and Halley, and a member of the royal society. He presented his scien- tific collection to Bologna, and his printing press, with types for Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and Arabic, to the Dominicans of that city. MARS-LA-TOUR, a village of France, in the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, 13 m. W. of Metz, on the road to Verdun and Paris. It is celebrated for a battle fought here and at Vionville, Aug. 16, 1870, in which Prince Frederick Charles achieved a great strategical victory over Bazaine, who by this defeat was prevented from leaving Metz. The fighting was obstinate, and during a part of the day the Germans were opposed to vastly superior forces. Their losses were estimated at 640 officers and 15,170 men; the French lost 879 officers and 16,128 men. The greater part of the battle field is in the territory ceded to Germany, the new boundary line being in the immediate vicinity of the French village. MARSTON, John, an English poet, born about 1570, died about 1634. He was educated at Corpus Christi college, Oxford, and entered the Middle Temple, London, where he was chosen lecturer in 1593. He was intimate with
