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MAUSOLEUM MAXIMILIAN I. 295 MAUSOLEUM. See HALIOARNASSUS. MAUVE (Fr., purple mallow), a dyeing ma- terial obtained by the oxidation of aniline, a product of coal tar. It was first extracted by Mr. Perkin of England, who gave it this name. It is prepared by dissolving equivalent propor- tions of sulphate of aniline and bichromate of potash in water, mixing, and allowing them to stand some hours. A black precipitate, ob- tained on filtering, is washed, dried, and di- gested in coal-tar naphtha to extract a brown resinous substance. The coloring matter is then extracted by digestion in alcohol, and is obtained on distilling off the spirit in a coppery friable mass ; or it may be kept liquid in alco- hol. The colors it gives are a variety of shades of purple, the blue predominating in some, and red in others. (See ANILINE, and DYEING.) MAVERICK, a S. W. county of Texas, sepa- rated from Mexico by the Kio Grande, and intersected by San Ambrosio river; area, 900 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,951, of whom 281 were colored. Only a small portion of the land is fit for cultivation. The chief productions in 1870 were 8,315 bushels of Indian corn and 24,060 Ibs. of wool. There were 294 horses, 797 milch cows, 28,863 other cattle, and 17,932 sheep. Capital, Eagle Pass. MAVROCORDATOS, Alexander, a Greek states- man, born in Constantinople in February, 1791, died in ^Egina, Aug. 18, 1865. He made him- self an accomplished linguist, and in 1817 was secretary of his uncle Caradja, hospodar of "Wallachia. Subsequently he resided for some time in Switzerland and Italy. In 1821, on the outbreak of the Greek revolution, he sailed with a number of French and Italian volun- teers to the Peloponnesus, and was sent to or- ganize the insurrection in ^Etolia and Acar- mania. At the close of the year he was elected president of the national assembly at Epidau- rus, which framed the provisional constitution and promulgated the declaration of indepen- dence (January, 1822). He was made soon after proedros or president of the executive com- mittee. In the following years, as command- er-in-chief, he distinguished himself in the defence of Missolonghi, Navarino, and Sphac- teria. A supporter of liberal tendencies, he violently opposed the Russian leanings of both John and Augustine Capo d'Istria. In 1833-'4 he was in the cabinet of King Otho, and after- ward was ambassador at Munich, Berlin, and London, whence he was recalled in July, 1841, to take the presidency of the ministry. In 1843 he was a special ambassador to the Porte, and for a short time in 1844 was again at the head of the ministry. In 1850-'54 he was ambassador at Paris, and on his return was once more placed at the head of the cabinet, from which in 1856 he resigned and retired to private life. MAWMOISINE. See MALVOISINE. MAXCY, Jonathan, an American clergyman, born in Attleborough, Mass., Sept. 2, 1768, died in Columbia, S. C., June 4, 1820. He gradu- ated at Brown university in 1787, and in Sep- tember, 1791, was instituted pastor of the first Baptist church of Providence, and at the same time elected professor of divinity in Brown university. In the succeeding September, al- though but 24 years of age, he became its president. In 1802 he was elected president of Union college, N. Y., and in 1804 of the South Carolina college. This latter station he occupied until his death. His " Literary Re- mains, with a Memoir," was published by the Rev. Romeo Elton (New York, 1844). MAXENTIUS. See CONSTANTINE L, the Great. MAXIMIAMS I. See DIOCLETIAN. MAXIMIANUS II. See GALERIUS. MAXIMILIAN I., emperor of Germany, born in Neustadt, near Vienna, March 22, 1459, died at Wels, Jan. 12, 1519. He was the son of the emperor Frederick III., of the house of Hapsburg, and of Eleanor, a princess of Por- tugal. He learned to speak several languages, acquired various branches of knowledge, and, spending his youth in the wars of his father with Podiebrad of Bohemia, Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, and others, became an excellent horseman, tilter, and hunter, gallant, chivalric, and adventurous. His father, faithful to the maxim of his house to conquer by marriages, sought for him the hand of Mary, daughter and heiress apparent of Charles the Bold of Burgundy, promising a royal crown to the duke. The parties and their parents met at Treves in 1473 ; but the mutual distrust of the latter broke off the negotiations. After the death of Charles (1477) his widow Margaret rejected the offers of Louis XL of France in behalf of his infant son Charles (afterward VIII.), and soon afterward the rich and beauti- ful heiress became the wife of Maximilian, and in a few years the mother of two children, Philip and Margaret. But her husband neither saved all her possessions from the rapacity of Louis XL, nor obtained the ready allegiance of the rich cities of the Netherlands, when on her sudden death by a fall from her horse in 1482, he claimed the regency for his son Philip. Louis was active in instigating and promoting revolts in those provinces, and Maximilian suffered still greater injury from France when, after his election and' coronation as king of the Romans (I486), having married by proxy another rich heiress, Anne of Brittany, and promised his own daughter Margaret to Charles VIIL, Anne de Beaujeu, the regent for the latter, suddenly broke off both engagements, bringing Brittany with Anne into the hands of Charles, and sending back Margaret to her father. The war which ensued was of short duration. Maximilian now married Bianca Sforza, daughter of the murdered duke of Mi- lan, Galeazzo Maria, receiving 300,000 ducats from her uncle and guardian, the bloody Lu- dovico Moro, on whom he bestowed Milan, the heritage of the brother of his bride. The wife of the lawful heir, however, a Neapolitan princess, sought for aid from her native coun-